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GRE阅读题目解析:生态系统物种构成

2017-10-26 09:07:00来源：网络

　　1

　　An influential early view held that ecosystems contain niches for a limited number of species and that competition for resources among species —whether native or nonnative invading ones — determines ecosystems’ species composition.

　　一种颇有影响的早期观点认为，相对于所有物种生态系统只能提供有限的生态位，而物种间对生存资源的竞争 —— 无论本地物种或入侵物种 —— 决定了生态系统的物种构成。

　　2

　　However, factors other than competition often help explain invading species’ success.

　　然而，竞争以外的其他因素通常能帮助解释入侵物种的成功。

　　3

　　For example, the American grey squirrel, often cited as a classic example of competitively superior invading species, was introduced in England in 1876 and now thrives, while the native red squirrel population has declined.

　　经常被引为更具竞争优势的入侵物种，例如北美灰松鼠，1876 年首次进入英格兰现在已经广泛繁殖，而本地红松鼠的数量则下降了。

　　4

　　Although scientists have found gray squirrels to be more efficient foragers than red ones, they also note that even before the gray squirrel’s arrival, Britain’s red squirrel populations had a periodic tendency to die out, only to be subsequently reintroduced.

　　尽管科学家们发现灰松鼠比红松鼠更擅于寻找食物，但他们也注意到即便是灰松鼠入侵以前，英国的红松鼠数量也每隔一段时间就有濒临灭绝的趋势，只不过随后又被引入了。

　　(only to do 反而，却)

　　5

　　Furthermore, many gray squirrels are silent carriers of a disease fatal to red squirrels.

　　此外，许多灰松鼠是对红松鼠致命疾病的 silent 携带者。

　　(查不到 silent 在此是否属于习惯搭配，怀疑 silent 指在灰松鼠身上是安全的，潜伏的)

　　1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels forage primarily in order to

　　A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon

　　B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory

　　C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome

　　D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify

　　E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition

　　选 D

　　又见 qualify，“ 修饰，限定，使(某说法)显得不那么笼统、极端 ” 。

　　回到文章的逻辑，开头作者抛出 an influential early view，简化为 “ 资源有限，生存靠竞争 ” 。但作者不完全同意这种观点，作者认为其他因素也发挥作用。可以认为作者觉得这种 view 笼统，极端，他要 qualify 一下。

　　句 4 以 although 开始，是一种典型的让步：Although scientists have found …… they also note …… 意思是就算灰松鼠更擅于找食物，竞争也不是红松鼠数量下降的唯一主要因素，甚至没有灰松鼠的竞争，红松鼠也周期性地濒临灭绝。although 引导的部分，貌似能支持作者要 qualify 的观点，其实作者并不在乎它发挥的作用，因为它已经被让步掉了，承认其为真 acknowledge 。

　　所以选 D 。

　　2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”

　　A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.

　　B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.

　　C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.

　　D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.

　　E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.

　　选 C

　　没啥讲的，不解的留言。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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