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GRE阅读题目解析:温血动物发病时体温升高

2017-06-15 09:53:00来源:网络

  1

  Why during sickness should body temperature of warm-blooded animal rise?

  为什么发病期间,温血动物的体温要升高?

  (should 不是应该,是描述一种预期)

  2

  It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animals falls during infection.

  人们很早就知道,感染中的动物,血浆中的铁元素会减少。

  (serum 血浆,血清)

  3

  Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron.

  G 第一次提出了发烧与铁元素的关联性。

  4

  He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores -- substances that bind iron -- in bacteria of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37°C and stopped at 40.3°C.

  他发现,沙门氏菌中的铁载体的细菌合成,在超过37摄氏度时减少,达到40.3摄氏度时完全停止,铁载体是一种连结铁离子的物质。

  5

  Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply.

  所以,发烧可以使入侵的细菌更难获得铁离子,因而更难繁殖。

  6

  Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis.

  人们用冷血动物测试了这种假设。

  7

  Kluger reported that of iguanas infected with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42°C than at 37°C, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature.

  K 在鼠鳞蜥感染潜在致命细菌 A.h 的报告中称,体温42摄氏度的个体比处于37摄氏度的成活率更高,尽管健康的动物(鼠鳞蜥)更喜欢较低的温度。

  (鼠鳞蜥)

  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguana#/media/File:Iguana_delicatissima.jpg)

  8

  When animals at 42°C were injected with an iron solution, however, mortality rates increased significantly. (135 words)

  然而,42摄氏度的蜥蜴如果被注射了铁离子溶液,死亡率会极大地上升。

  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguana#/media/File:Iguana-001.jpg)

  9. According to the passage, Garibaldi determined which of the following?

  (A) That serum iron is produced through microbial synthesis

  (B) That microbial synthesis of siderophores in warm-blooded animals is more efficient at higher temperatures.

  (C) That only iron bound to other substances can be used by bacteria.

  (D) That there is a relationship between the synthesis of siderophores in bacteria of the genus Salmonella and environmental temperature.

  (E) That bacteria of the genus Salmonella require iron as a nutrient.

  选 D

  根据在句 3、4:

  “Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron.

  He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores -- substances that bind iron -- in bacteria of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37°C and stopped at 40.3°C. ”

  10. If it were to be determined that similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals, which of the following, assuming each is possible, is likely to be the most effective treatment for warm-blooded animals with bacterial infections?

  (A) Administering a medication that lowers the animals' body temperature

  (B) Injecting the animals with an iron solution

  (C) Administering a medication that makes serum iron unavailable to bacteria

  (D) Providing the animals with reduced-iron diets

  (E) Keeping the animals in an environment with temperatures higher than 37°C

  选 C

  A 搞反了,温度高于37才阻碍细菌结合铁离子,越降温细菌繁殖越 hign 。

  B 想想句 8 的蜥蜴是怎么死的。

  C 阻止细菌得到血浆中的铁离子。治本的办法。

  D 提供低铁食谱。

  最大的干扰项,它的问题在于:1,多低才合适,可能细菌只需要量不大的一点铁元素,没准还能重复利用;2,我们无法确定铁元素对患病个体只有坏处,也许铁元素还有很多不能忽略的好处,毕竟人是离不开铁元素的,不然怎么有一种贫血叫缺铁性贫血;……你也可以补充,我认为想到这两条中的任何一条,都足以排除此项,就不挖了。

  E 保持环境温度在37摄氏度以上。

  次干扰项,首先题目问的是温血动物,温血动物可以在一定范围内自主调节体温,不像蜥蜴如果想提高体温,几乎完全依赖外界环境;从常识想,人是会出汗的呀,环境 37 度,那基本是大夏天了,人肯定要大量出汗以降温,所以人的体温未必能维持在必要的 37 摄氏度以上;第三,我们不知道过高的温度对人体有没有坏处,这个最容易想到了,高烧不退的病人,经常需要在额头上敷个冰袋来降温。综上,这是一个未必有用,且基本肯定会添乱的办法,还请广大市民放心选 C 。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:温血动物发病时体温升高,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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