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GRE阅读题目解析:供需关系协调好一切

2017-06-04 08:54:00来源:网络

  P1

  1

  The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best.

  一些语言学家认为,每一门语言都无比适合表达所属民族的思想,某种程度上这和曼彻斯特经济学派的理念类似,后者认为供需关系会协调好一切。

  (曼彻斯特学派:

  Manchester Liberalism, Manchester School, Manchester Capitalism, and Manchesterism are terms for the political, economic, and social movements of the 19th century that originated in Manchester, England. Led by Richard Cobden and John Bright, it won a wide hearing for its argument that free trade would lead to a more equitable society, making essential products available to all...

  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Liberalism)

  )

  2

  Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John's, but his own."

  正如大量供需关系不能满足真正的需求的案例被经济学家无视,语言学家对很多日常生活中特定语言导致误解的例子也充耳不闻,结果是一个词需要被修饰或解释,才能表达说者的本意:“他拿起了他的拐杖——不,不是约翰的,是他自己的。”

  (stick 做名词时意思很多,都翻得通,就不一一罗列了。)

  3

  No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages. ( 155 words)

  只要我们承认这样一个事实,没有什么语言是完美的,就同样必须承认,研究不同语言或同一种语言的不同细节的相关优势,是合理的。

  1.The primary purpose of the passage is to

  (A) analyze an interesting feature of the English language

  (B) refute a belief held by some linguists

  (C) show that economic theory is relevant to linguistic study

  (D) illustrate the confusion that can result from the improper use of language

  (E) suggest a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect

  选 B

  A 没有什么 interesting 的,说都不会话了

  B 正确项。

  C 表明经济学理论与语言学研究相关,确实有一丢丢关联,但这不是文段的写作目的,乱聊。

  D 这是语言的特点导致的不便,不是 improper use,换个例子来说,如果用英文描述一男一女两个人的情形,就不会让人误以为拿错拐杖,因为一个 his 一个 her 。而在中文中即便一男一女也会误会,毕竟他和她听起来就是 TA,这是因为语言本身的特点,而不是不恰当的使用。

  E 尾句,都说了没有完美的。

  For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

  2. The misunderstanding presented by the author in the passage is similar to which of the following?

  A X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y thinks that X is referring to one person only.

  B X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."

  C X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarrie man," but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means "unmarried woman."

  选 A

  A 跟文中的例子类似,都是代词的正确用法,但不能很好地表达原意,区别是文中的例子是物主代词,A 是人称单词。

  B 根据 mistakenly uses,你就该排除这项,其实 X 是误以为 anomaly 有 typical example 的意思,其实人家没这意思。

  C 类似地,mistakenly thinks,不选。如果你第二题正常地否定了 D 项,你就该知道,这种情况不是语言的误用,而是语言在这失灵。

  3.In presenting the argument, the author does all of the following EXCEPT

  (A) give an example

  (B) draw a conclusion

  (C) make a generalization

  (D) make a comparison

  (E) present a paradox

  选 E

  A 举例了,不解释。

  B 结论,没有语言是完美的,研究有必要。

  C 归纳,从个体现象到一般结论或规律,作者举了一个具体例子,但第二句中明确告诉我们是 those instances,直到后面说没有语言是完美的。这可以认为是一种归纳。

  D 对比,第一句,语言学家迷信语言都完美配合本民族思想,对比,曼彻斯特学派经济学家迷信供需关系能搞定一切。

  E 悖论,文中没有什么悖论,就选它了。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:供需关系会协调好一切,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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