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GRE阅读题目解析:描述冰河时代

2017-05-18 09:01:00来源:新东方在线整理

  P4

  1

  Researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.

  如果让研究更新世的学者,根据自己的认知描述冰河时代,他们或多或少都会借助一些想象。

  (牵涉到一个虚拟语气的倒装:

  had they been in charge =

  if they had been in charge

  另

  Pleistocene epoch【大英袖珍百科】

  更新世

  构成地球历史的第四纪的两个世中较早的也是较长的一个世。始于约180万年前,约1万年前结束。前面是第三纪的上新世,后面是全新世。在更新世冰期,地球上超过30%的大陆面积被冰川覆盖;在间冰期,大约只有10%被覆盖。更新世的动植物开始和现代动植物相似。显花植物增多,出现新的大陆哺乳动物,如人类。该世结束时,出现了生物的大量灭绝:北美有30多种大型哺乳动物在2,000年之内消亡。在猜测出的许多原因中,最可能的两个是气候和环境的变化,以及生态模式为早期人类所破坏。)

  2

  For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciations suggested the existence there of four glaciations, named the Gunz, Mindel, Riss, and Wurm.

  比如说,一个关于阿尔卑斯山冰川期的早期分类研究认为,存在四个冰川期,分别是 G,M,R 和 W 。

  3

  This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.

  这种次序的划分,主要是基于一系列与冰期以及间冰期不直接相关的地质沉积与事件,而非基于更常见的、现代的,研究夹在冰期沉积层之间的,间冰期沉积岩床中的化石的方法。

  (有个小背景稍微解释一下。

  glacial periods 冰期,庸俗地理解,结冰期,冷啊

  interglacial periods 间冰期,两个冰期中间这段比较暖的时期,动植物会相对繁盛

  冰期1,间冰期1,冰期2,间冰期2……

  从时间上看,这是一种 succession;

  但在空间上看,一层层地沉积,一层层地盖上去,如果我们发掘化石,间冰期1下面一层,一定是冰期1的沉积层,而它上面是冰期2,有点像三明治,夹着的。

  这句话就是说,我们该研究间冰期岩床里的化石,这个是比较常见的,现代的方法。对比来看,文段开头的方法就显得 fanciful 。)

  4

  Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession.

  然而这种次序被胡乱地强加在北欧冰原地带的研究上,还寄希望于能够有朝一日拼出一个完整的更新世冰期更替顺序。

  5

  Eradication of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task. (132 words)

  想要完成阿尔贝山地区冰期的断代命名,还有很长的路要走。

  (eradication 根除,彻底地完成了某事

  Herculean 力大无比的,十分费力的,艰巨的)

  7. According to the passage, one of the reasons for the deficiencies of the “early classification of Alpine glaciation” is that it was

  (A) derived from evidence that was only tangentially related to times of actual glaciation

  (B) based primarily on fossil remains rather than on actual living organisms

  (C) an abstract, imaginative scheme of how the period might have been structured

  (D) based on unmethodical examinations of randomly chosen glacial biological remains

  (E) derived from evidence that had been haphazardly gathered from glacial deposits and inaccurately evaluated

  选 A

  根据句 3:

  This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, …

  A 正确项。not directly 相当于 tangentially。

  B 没化石的事。

  C abstract 值得怀疑。

  D 没化石的事。

  E 嗯。

  8. Which of the following does the passage imply about the "early classification of Alpine glaciation" ?

  (A) It should not have been applied as widely as it was.

  (B) It represents the best possible scientific practice, given the tools available at the time.

  (C) It was a valuable tool, in its time, for measuring the length of the four periods of glaciation.

  (D) It could be useful, but only as a general guide to the events of the Pleistocene epoch.

  (E) It does not shed any light on the methods used at the time for investigating periods of glaciation.

  选 A

  A 正确项。作者的暗示在句 4 :this succession was forced willy-nilly onto…,willy-nilly 无论想要不想要,不管愿意不愿意(地强加)。可以认为作者不认同这种 classification 。

  B 显然不是 best ,因为作者提倡的另一种方法 more usual modern 。

  C 哪有什么测量四个冰期的长度,越具体的信息越要警惕是不是超出文本的未知信息。

  D 不知道什么是 general guide,无法判断。

  E 走向了另一个极端,作者虽然有质疑,但不至于说一点用没有,shed light on something,使某事物更清晰。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:描述冰河时代,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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