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GRE阅读题目解析:晶体结构

2017-05-15 09:10:00来源：新东方在线整理

　　P6

　　1

　　When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition.

　　当一块融化的金属或合金冷却至固体，形成什么样的晶体结构取决于合金的具体成分。

　　2

　　In contrast, molten nonmetallic glass-forming materials, when cooled, do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid--an amorphous structure.

　　与之不同，玻璃形态的非金属材料融化后冷却时，不会呈现一种晶体结构，而是保持某种类似液体的状态 —— 一种非晶体的结构。

　　3

　　At room temperature, the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure.

　　长期室温条件下，两种材料都趋于呈现出晶体结构。

　　4

　　The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure, which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other.

　　两者的区别在于化学动力学，或者说形成晶体结构的速率，某些因素 —— 诸如化学键的性质，以及原子能在彼此附近周围移动的难易度 —— 决定了这种差异。

　　5

　　Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystalline structure, whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure.

　　因此，金属的化学动力学能够适应(冷却速度)快速地结成晶体结构，然而非金属的玻璃制品(想要结成晶体结构而必须的理想冷却速度)如此之慢，以至于几乎任何冷却速率(因为比这个理想速度快得多)都会导致一种非晶体结构。

　　11. The author implies that the rate at which the molten materials discussed in the passage are cooled is a determinant of the

　　(A) chemical composition of the resulting solids

　　(B) strength of the chemical bonds that are formed

　　(C) kinetics of the materials' crystalline structure

　　(D) structure the materials assume

　　(E) stability of the materials' crystalline structure

　　选 D

　　实在没啥好讲。

　　12. It can be inferred from the passage that, theoretically, molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline structure rather than an amorphous structure only if they are cooled

　　(A) very evenly, regardless of the rate

　　(B) rapidly, followed by gentle heating

　　(C) extremely slowly

　　(D) to room temperature

　　(E) to extremely low temperatures

　　选 C

　　根据句 5 ：

　　Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystalline structure, whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure.

　　13. Select the sentence in which the author illustrates the causes of the rate of formation of the crystalline structure.

　　“The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure, which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. ”

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:晶体结构，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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