GRE阅读题目解析:巴黎民众起义

　　P4

　　1

　　In February 1848 the people of Paris rose in revolt against the constitutional monarchy of Louis-Philippe.

　　1848 年 2 月，巴黎民众起义反抗路易·菲利普的君主立宪统治。

　　2

　　Despite the existence of excellent narrative accounts, the February Days, as this revolt is called, have been largely ignored by social historians of the past two decades.

　　除了那些轶闻故事，这场被称作 the F Days(法国二月革命)的反抗运动，最近二十年已经没什么社会历史学者关注了。

　　3

　　For each of the three other major insurrections in nineteenth-century Paris — July 1830, June 1848, and May1871 ---- there exists at least a sketch of participants' backgrounds and an analysis, more or less rigorous, of the reasons for the occurrence of the uprisings.

　　十九世纪巴黎发生的另外三次暴动—— 1830 年七月，1848 年六月，和 1871 年五月——都至少存在对参与者背景的简述，以及某种程度上算是严谨的，关于起义发生的原因的分析。

　　4

　　Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.

　　唯独在二月革命事件中，我们缺乏一种可用的对于参与者的描述，借由这种描述，我们本可以通过社会历史一直教给我们的，关于革命动员过程的内容来描述这场革命。

　　5

　　Two reasons for this relative neglect seem obvious.

　　关于这种相对的忽视，似乎有两个比较明显的原因。

　　6

　　First, the insurrection of February has been overshadowed by that of June.

　　首先，这场起义的影响被 1848 年六月的起义掩盖了。

　　7

　　The February Revolution overthrew a regime, to be sure, but met with so little resistance that it failed to generate any real sense of historical drama.

　　二月革命当然推翻了一个统治，但几乎没遇到什么抵抗，以至于无法产生任何历史事件的实感。

　　8

　　Its successor, on the other hand, appeared to pit key socioeconomic groups in a life-or-death struggle and was widely seen by contemporary observers as marking a historical departure.

　　六月革命则相反，它似乎把主要的社会经济群体至于一种生死较量中，且六月革命被当时的观察者们普遍地认为，开启了新纪元。

　　9

　　Through their interpretations, which exert a continuing influence on our understanding of the revolutionary process, the impact of the events of June has been magnified, while, as an unintended consequence, the significance of the February insurrection has been diminished.

　　尽管这种看法直到今天，仍然影响我们如何理解这场革命的进程，但六月事件的影响被观察者们夸大了;它的一个意外的结果就是，二月起义的重要意义被看轻了。

　　10

　　Second, like other "successful" insurrections, the events of February failed to generate the most desirable kinds of historical records.

　　第二，和其他 “成功的” 起义一样，二月事件没能留下那些最引起人们兴趣的历史记录。

　　11

　　Although the June insurrection of 1848 and the Paris Commune of 1871 would be considered watersheds of nineteenth-century French history by any standard, they also present the social historian with a signal advantage: these failed insurrections created a mass of invaluable documentation as a by-product of authorities‘ efforts to search out and punish the rebels.

　　虽然不管从什么标准来看，1848 年的六月起义和 1871 年的巴黎公社运动都被认为是法国十九世纪历史上的重要转折点，可它们也给社会历史学者展示了一种标志性的优势：这些失败的起义造就了一大批极其珍贵的记录，官方力图搜出并惩罚反抗者的副产品。

　　12

　　Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.

　　像 1830 年七月和 1848 年二月这样的成功起义，结果则大为不同。

　　13

　　Experiences are retold, but participants typically resume their daily routines without ever recording their activities.

　　经验是被复述的，但参与者当时特别地暂停了他们的日常生活，也从未记录他们的活动。

　　14

　　Those who played salient roles may become the objects of highly embellished verbal accounts or in rare cases, of celebratory articles in contemporary periodicals.

　　那些起义中的重要人物可能成为充满溢美之词的文学报告的描写对象，或出现在当时记述奇闻的期刊庆祝文章中。

　　15

　　And it is true that the publicly acknowledged leaders of an uprising frequently write memoirs.

　　公众熟知的起义领袖确实经常留下回忆录。

　　16

　　However, such documents are likely to be highly unreliable, unrepresentative, and unsystematically preserved, especially when compared to the detailed judicial dossiers prepared for everyone arrested following a failed insurrection.

　　然而，这些记录往往相当不可信，缺乏代表性，且没有被系统地保存，特别是与细节详实的法庭卷宗相比，这些卷宗往往是失败的起义后，为被捕的反抗者准备的。

　　17

　　As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.

　　所以，想要为成功的起义者们建立一个全面的，可靠的群像是困难的，或不可能的，我们甚至无法回答那些最基本的，关于反抗者们的社会源流的问题。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　9. According to the passage, “a useful description of participants"(lines 11-12) exists for which of the following insurrections of nineteenth-century France?

　　□A The July insurrection of 1830

　　□B The February Revolution of 1848

　　□C The May insurrection of 1871

　　选 AC

　　根据句 3

　　10. Which of the following, best describes the organization of the second paragraph? (文章第二段，句 5-11)

　　○A The thesis of the passage is stated and supporting evidence systematically presented.

　　○B Two views regarding the thesis presented in the first paragraph are compared and contrasted

　　○C Evidence refuting the thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematically presented.

　　○D The thesis presented in the first paragraph is systematically supported.

　　○E The thesis presented in the first paragraph is further defined and a conclusion drawn.

　　选 D

　　第一段提出了一个观点：1848年二月的起义被社会历史学者某种程度上忽略了。第二段作者提出了两个原因来支持该观点 first... second...。

　　11. Which of the following can be inferred about the "detailed judicial dossiers" referred to in line 50?

　　○A Information contained in the dossiers sheds light on the social origins of a revolution's participants.

　　○B The dossiers closely resemble the narratives written by the revolution's leaders in their personal memoirs.

　　○C The information that such dossiers contain is untrustworthy and unrepresentative of a revolution's participants.

　　○D Social historians prefer to avoid such dossiers whenever possible because they are excessively detailed.

　　○E The February Revolution of 1848 produced more of these dossiers than did the June insurrection.

　　选 A

　　shed light on something 使某物更清晰

　　一次起义失败后，官方时候一定会严厉处理参与者，为了树威，通常会调查起义者的来去过往，而这些内容被放在法律卷宗内系统地保存下来，也就成了学者们研究起义者背景的最好材料。

　　12. Which of the following is the most logical objection to the claim made (lines 38-39) ?

　　○A The February Revolution of 1848 is much less significant than the July insurrection of 1830.

　　○B The backgrounds and motivations of participants in the July insurrection of 1830 have been identified, however cursorily.

　　○C Even less is known about the July insurrection of 1830 than about the February Revolution of 1848.

　　○D Historical records made during the July insurrection of 1830 are less reliable than those made during the May insurrection of 1871.

　　○E The importance of the July insurrection of 1830 has been magnified at the expense of the significance of the February Revolution of 1848.

　　选 B

　　题干指的 claim 是：

　　Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848.

　　怎么就 quite different 了呢?跟什么情况显得 different ?

　　我们继续往上找：

　　句 11 告诉我们，失败的起义过后，当权一方为了惩治反叛者们，都会详细调查记录他们的背景、来历，作为法律卷宗存档。

　　可见，quite different 指的是 1830 July 和1848 Feb 的反叛者们，没有留下这样的记录。

　　要在逻辑上推翻这个论断，我们只需找到一个选项，说其实有记录。

　　B 说的正是 “有记录”，虽然是很粗略的记录，however cursorily。

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