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GRE阅读题目解析:海狮和海象

2017-04-06 10:49:28来源：新东方在线整理

　　P1

　　1

　　Biologists have long maintained that two groups of pinnipeds, sea lions and walruses, are descended from a terrestrial bearlike animal, whereas the remaining group, seals, shares an ancestor with weasels.

　　生物学家一直以来都认为，海狮和海象这两种属于鳍脚亚目的动物，是某种陆生的，类似熊的动物的后代，而另一种(鳍脚亚目动物)海豹则跟鼬鼠(黄鼠狼)有着共同的祖先。

　　2

　　But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution — the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.

　　但最近的研究发现，三种动物的鳍足骨骼结构有细节详实的近似，这使我们不能简单地把这种相似归结为，趋同进化造成的表面上的近似，趋同进化指不同物种在相似环境影响下，独立地发展出某些相似特点。

　　3

　　Flippers may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life; turtles, whales, and dugongs also have them.

　　鳍足也许确实是一种对水生生活的必要适应;龟，鲸，儒艮也有鳍足。

　　4

　　But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor.

　　但鳍脚亚目动物中发现的，这些共同的构造细节可能表明，它们来自共同的祖先。

　　5

　　Moreover, walruses and seals drive themselves through the water with thrusts of their hind flippers, but sea lions use their front flippers.

　　此外，海象和海豹划水主要靠后鳍推进，海狮则是用前鳍。

　　6

　　If anatomical similarity in the flippers resulted from similar environmental pressures, as posited by the convergent-evolution theory, one would expect walruses and seals, but not seals and sea lions, to have similar flippers. (162 words)

　　如果是类似的环境压力，导致了这些动物的鳍足有解剖学意义上的近似，根据趋同进化理论，海象和海豹应该有近似的鳍足，而不是海豹和海狮。

　　1. The author implies that which of the following was part of the long-standing view concerning pinnipeds?

　　□A Pinnipeds are all descended from a terrestrial bearlike animal.

　　□B Pinnipeds share a common ancestor with turtles, whales, and dugongs

　　□C Similarities among pinnipeds are due to their all having had to adapt to aquatic life.

　　选 C

　　A 根据句 1 可判断在瞎聊。

　　B 句 3 告诉我们，这些不同种的动物进化出同一个特征是因为同样的环境压力，也就是趋同进化理论，并非因为它们有着共同的祖先。

　　C 正确。

　　儒艮是这样的一种动物，有点像海牛

　　2. The author implies which of the following about the fact that turtles, whales, and dugongs all have flippers?

　　○A It can be explained by the hypothesis that turtles, whales, and dugongs are very closely related.

　　○B It can be explained by the idea of convergent evolution.

　　○C It suggests that turtles, whales, and dugongs evolved in separate parts of the world

　　○D It undermines the view that turtles, whales, and dugongs are all descended from terrestrial ancestors.

　　○E It is the primary difference between turtles, whales, and dugongs, on the one hand, and pinnipeds, on the other.

　　选 B

　　句 2 是个长句，其中详细解释了 convergent evolution 的定义

　　But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution — the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.

　　可见不同种的动物因为类似的环境压力彼此独立地发展出一些共同点，就叫convergent evolution，也就是趋同理论，所以B的描述是对的。

　　3. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author shows that the implication of the common view is contradicted by a new finding.

　　也是第 2 句。

　　But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution — the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.

　　以前生物学家认为海豹，海狮，海象都有鳍足，是一种趋同现象，他们的祖先不同，只是相似的环境压力使他们不约而同地进化出了相同的鳍状足。

　　句 1 告诉我们的，海象海狮是一种陆生熊祖先的后代，海豹则跟黄鼠狼有亲缘关系。

　　句 2 告诉我们，现在发现了新证据，它们的鳍足的骨骼结构的一些细节，证明他们可能有着共同的祖先，也就是说句 1 那种 common view 被反驳了。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:海狮和海象，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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