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GRE阅读题目解析:蝙蝠回声定位

2017-04-03 08:48:00来源:新东方在线整理

  P3

  1

  Echolocating bats emit sounds in patterns — characteristic of each species — that contain both frequency-modulated (FM) and constant-frequency (CF) signals.

  回声定位的蝙蝠发出的声音有固定模式 —— 每种蝙蝠各有不同 —— 都包含 FM 和 CF 信号。

  2

  The broadband FM signals and the narrowband CF signals travel out to a target, reflect from it, and return to the hunting bat.

  宽频 FM 信号和窄频 CF 信号到达一个目标,再反射回来被猎食的蝙蝠接收。

  3

  In this process of transmission and reflection, the sounds are changed, and the changes in the echoes enable the bat to perceive features of the target.

  在这个发射与接收的过程中,声音有所改变,而回声中的这些变化,使蝙蝠掌握目标的轮廓特征。

  4

  The FM signals report information about target characteristics that modify the timing and the fine frequency structure, or spectrum, of echoes — for example, the target‘s size, shape, texture, surface structure, and direction in space.

  FM 信号报告那些 改变了时间和精确频率结构,或者说回声声谱的目标特点——比如说,目标的大小,形状,结构,表面构造,在空间中的方向。

  5

  Because of their narrow bandwidth, CF signals portray only the target‘s presence and, in the case of some bat species, its motion relative to the bat‘s.

  因为他们的窄波 CF 信号只表明目标存在,至于某些种类的蝙蝠,CF 信号还与目标对于蝙蝠的相对位移有关。

  6

  Responding to changes in the CF echo‘s frequency, bats of some species correct in flight for the direction and velocity of their moving prey. (150 words)

  根据回声 CF 频率的改变,某些种类的蝙蝠可以修正飞行路线,在捕猎活动中调整方向和速度。

  8. According to the passage, the information provided to the bat by CF echoes differs from that provided by FM echoes in which of the following ways?

  (A) Only CF echoes alert the bat to moving targets.

  (B) Only CF echoes identify the range of widely spaced targets.

  (C) Only CF echoes report the target‘s presence to the bat.

  (D) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to judge whether it is closing in on its target.

  (E) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to discriminate the size of its target and the direction in which the target is moving.

  选 D

  句 6 说到某些蝙蝠可以根据 CF 信号修正飞行路线,等于说它可以知道自己是否在接近猎物。

  关于 C 项的干扰。

  注意 only 在句中的位置,C 项目说只有 CF 报告目标的存在,但句 5 说的是 “ CF 只报告目标存在 ”,这是完全不同的表述,举个类比,她只吃水果 vs 只有她吃水果,就很清楚其中的分别了。

  根据文中信息,FM 能报告 “ 目标的大小,形状,结构,表面构造,在空间中的方向 ”(句4),知道了如此具体的信息,一只蝙蝠得有多傻,才可能摸摸脑袋说:“ 不行啊,我不能确定目标存在啊,得等等 CF 信号啊。”

  所以 Only CF echoes report the target‘s presence to the bat 是非常弱智的干扰项,不选。

  9. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

  (A) A fact is stated, a process is outlined, and specific details of the process are described.

  (B) A fact is stated, and examples suggesting that a distinction needs correction are considered.

  (C) A fact is stated, a theory is presented to explain that fact, and additional facts are introduced to validate the theory.

  (D) A fact is stated, and two theories are compared in light of their explanations of this fact.

  (E) A fact is stated, a process is described, and examples of still another process are illustrated in detail.

  选 A

  A fact is stated,蝙蝠发出的声音又固定模式;

  a process is outlined,蝙蝠根据回传的 CF 和 FM 捕猎;

  details are described,CF 和 FM 具体功能的区别。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:回声定位的蝙蝠,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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