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GRE阅读题目解析:北美英属殖民地的黑人

2017-03-27 08:52:00来源：新东方在线整理

　　P4

　　1

　　The fact that Black people in the English colonies of North America were never treated as the equals of White people has important ramifications.

　　北美英属殖民地的黑人，从未被像白人一样平等对待，这引发了许多重要影响。

　　2

　　If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery in the 1660‘s should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including Oscar and Mary Handlin have argued, the cause of prejudice.

　　如果从一开始黑人就被歧视，则 1660 年代奴隶制合法化就应该被视为这种种族歧视的结果及延伸，而不是像很多历史学者，包括 OH 和 MH 夫妇认为的那样，奴隶制合法化是歧视的起因。

　　(outset 开端，开始)

　　3

　　In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America.

　　另外，种族歧视先于奴隶制合法化存在，为黑奴在北美比南美遭受更严酷对待，提供了进一步的解释。

　　4

　　Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America — such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality — explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America.

　　F 和 T 曾正确地认为，北美缺少某些传统 —— 比如古罗马的奴隶观和天主教对平等的强调 —— 解释了为什么黑奴在北美，较之于南美西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑奴，遭受更多苦难。

　　5

　　But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something.

　　但这个理由并不能提供完全的解释，因为它单纯是否定的，基于缺乏某事物的。

　　(稍微解释一下，我们要解释一种行为，往往总要找到主动的动机，仅有被动的条件是不够的。

　　比如没有女朋友，缺乏亲人朋友的关心当然可能促发了一个男人试图强奸路过的少女，但仅有这两个条件，远不能作为犯罪行为的动机和解释。没有女朋友又没人关心的人多了，绝大多数并不出来作案。

　　本句也是这个意思，北美的英属殖民地更残酷地对待黑奴，你当然可以认为缺乏某些传统跟这事有关系，但作为原因和动机，是远不够充分的。)

　　6

　　A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed. (192 words)

　　一种更有说服力的解释是，早期在这些英属殖民地，对黑奴的极端歧视就时有发生，这促成了后来奴隶制的特有基调。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　10. According to the passage, the Handlins have NOT argued which of the following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?

　　□A Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.

　　□B The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.

　　□C Although existing in a lesser form before the 1660‘s, racial prejudice increased sharply after slavery was legalized.

　　选 AC

　　根据句 2 只能判断出，H 夫妇认为奴隶制的合法化是黑人歧视的起因，A、C 都属于文中没有涉及的信息。

　　11. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of

　　(A) extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these colonies

　　(B) hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies

　　(C) mitigating some of the conditions of slavery for Black people in these colonies

　　(D) delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies

　　(E) bringing about an improvement in the treatment of Black slaves in the English colonies

　　选 C

　　句 4 显示，F 和 T 正确地认为，某些传统的缺失导致了北美黑奴受了更多苦，反过来说，南美的这些传统对南美黑奴是起到一定好的影响的，所以选 C，mitigate 缓和、减轻。

　　12. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment accorded Black slaves in the English colonies of North America to be

　　(A) ambitious but misguided

　　(B) valid but limited

　　(C) popular but suspect

　　(D) anachronistic and controversial

　　(E) premature and illogical

　　选B

　　句 4 “Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that…” 可对应 valid ;

　　句 5 “But this cannot be the whole explanation since…” 则对应 limited 。

　　所以选 B，有根据但又有局限。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:北美英属殖民地的黑人，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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