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GRE阅读题目解析:历史研究的边界

2017-03-20 09:54:00来源：网络

　　P2

　　1

　　Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points — periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders.

　　按传统来说，历史研究的边界已固定，侧重于时代，国家，大事件和重要领袖。

　　(focal 焦点的)

　　2

　　It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one‘s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.

　　也早有了清晰明确的关于治学程序的概念：如何提出一个历史问题，如何呈现和证明某个结论，如何选取证据。

　　(admissible 可容许的，可采纳的，合理的，值得采纳的)

　　3

　　The recent popular psychohistory, committed to Freudian psychoanalysis, takes a radically different approach.

　　最近流行的心理历史学，致力于弗洛伊德精神分析，采取了一种本质上不同的方式。

　　(Freudian 与弗洛伊德精神分析理论有关的【'frȯi-dē-ən】)

　　4

　　This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it.

　　这不是历史学者惯常理解的方式。

　　5

　　Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history.

　　心理历史学不从历史中寻找 “事实” ，(比如)对历史事件及其影响的详实完备的记录，而来自对创造历史的的个体的精神分析，不从他们一生中的具体事件推导观点，而来自超越历史的人性观。

　　6

　　It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians.

　　它违背历史学证据的基本标准：证据必须对所有的历史学者公开，进而被所有学者检验。

　　7

　　Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.

　　心理历史学家们都相信自己观点的绝对正确，相信他们的观点是对任何事件的“最深刻”的解释，而其他人的解释都不是真相。

　　(fall short 有缺陷的，未能取得或达到 … 的)

　　2. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?

　　(A) The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.

　　(B) Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.

　　(C) Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.

　　(D) The psychological assessment of an individual‘s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.

　　(E) History is composed of unique and nonrepeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence.

　　选 A

　　A 心理历史学者们研究历史的方法，尽管不如传统历史学方法严谨，也难以验证，但很热门。vogue 流行，风尚

　　BCDE 都有文段中不曾出现的新信息。

　　3. The author of the passage puts the word "deepest" in quotation marks most probably in order to

　　(A) question the usefulness of psychohistorians‘ insights into traditional historical scholarship

　　(B) draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians‘ method

　　(C) emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians‘ method and that of psychohistorians

　　(D) disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians‘ claims from her opinion of their method

　　(E) signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians‘ claims for their work

　　选 E

　　问我们作者用 “deepest” 这个词可能是什么意思，句 7：

　　Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.

　　都觉得自己对，别人都不行，这显然是一种自以为是的态度，“deepest” 加引号是作者表达自己对这种态度的保留，所以选 E 。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:历史研究的边界，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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