GRE阅读题目解析:作者评价研究对象

　　P2

　　1

　　Roger Rosenblatt‘s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.

　　R R 的书《 B F 》，试图运用文学标准而不是社会政治的标准，去评价它的研究对象，成功地改变了之前研究采用的方法。

　　2

　　As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.

　　R表示，许多所谓的关于黑人写作的评论，实际上关注的是黑人历史。

　　(Black 大写做形容词时，“黑人(人种)的”，可以指非洲黑人，或移居北美的非洲黑人及其后代组成的黑人群体。

　　pretext 借口，托词

　　expound 解释，详述)

　　3

　　Addison Gayle‘s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

　　比如说，A G 近期的研究，用过度政治化的标准，根据每部作品所讨论的黑人身份概念来评判其价值。

　　4

　　Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

　　尽管小说当然脱胎于政治环境，但作者并非以意识形态化的方式回应政治环境，一旦讲述新奇故事，从根本上沦为意识形态宣传的工具，就会制约小说的发展。

　　5

　　Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

　　R的文学分析解释了黑人小说作品间的相似与联系，单纯的政治研究往往忽略这些内容。

　　6

　　Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.

　　然而，想要写出令人满意的黑人小说评论，意味着针对一系列问题给出令人满意的答案。

　　(presuppose 预先假定 … 属实，以 … 为先决条件，意味着)

　　7

　　First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors?

　　首先，抛开作者们相同的种族，有其他充分的理由将黑人小说归为一类吗?

　　8

　　Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous?

　　第二，相较于其他同时代的现代小说类型，黑人小说的独特之处是什么?

　　(contemporaneous 同时期出现的)

　　9

　　Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition.

　　R 展示了由黑人小说所组成的一个特别的文学体系，该体系具有可识别的，条理分明的文学传统。

　　10

　　Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.

　　仔细研究了过去80年的黑人小说，R 发现了一些与年代无关的反复出现的兴趣和意图。

　　11

　　These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.

　　这些结构是关乎主题的，而且都不出人意料地，发端于这样一个核心事实，小说中的黑人角色都出现在一种白人主导的文化中，无论他们尝试适应这种文化或与之对抗。

　　12

　　Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open.

　　《 B F 》还有一些美学问题没有回答。

　　13

　　Rosenblatt‘s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works — yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.

　　R 对作品主题的分析，表现出相当的客观性;他甚至明确表示他无意评判不同作品的价值 —— 尽管他的保留似乎没有必要，特别是由于评价的尝试可能引出有趣的结果。

　　14

　　For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

　　比如说，某些小说的看似结构散乱。这是一种缺陷吗，还是作者刻意为之，抑或尝试打造一种不同的美学标准?

　　15

　　In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer‘s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

　　另外，一些黑人小说的风格，比如 J T C，非常接近表现主义或超自然主义;该技巧是否提供了一种对照，相较于最流行的描述黑人英雄对抗命运的主题，一种经常通过更自然主义的表达方式传递的主题?

　　(verge 接近、逼近，处于边沿或边缘

　　counterpoint 对比(物)，对立(物)，(音乐)对位法

　　pit 使某人 / 某事物(与其他人 / 其他事物)竞争、较量)

　　16

　　In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.

　　尽管存在类似遗漏，R 已完成的讨论仍然是敏锐的又有价值的研究。

　　(make for something 有助于某事物)

　　17

　　Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

　　《 B F 》全面研究了大量小说，通过讨论使我们注意到一些少有问津的迷人作品，比如 J W J 的《 AoaECM 》。

　　18

　　Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

　　本书论证结构严密，风格直截了当、简明易读，堪称条理清晰，深刻敏锐的典范评论。

　　3. The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it

　　(A) emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

　　(B) misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

　　(C) misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

　　(D) substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

　　(E) ignores the interplay between Black history and Black identity displayed in such fiction

　　选 D

　　作者反对 A G 那种黑人小说评论的理由是：用政治标准取代了文学标准，根据在句 2-5 。

　　4. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

　　(A) evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism

　　(B) comparing various critical approaches to a subject

　　(C) discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

　　(D) summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

　　(E) explaining the theoretical background of a certain kind of criticism

　　选 A

　　A 评估一种文学评论作品严谨恰当与否

　　B 比较关于某一研究对象的不同评论方法

　　C 讨论某特定类型的批评的局限

　　D 概要地介绍某评论作品的主要观点

　　E 解释某特定类型评论的理论背景

　　整体来看，作者一直在论述 R 的批评如何成立，兼论怎么做会更好，所以选 A 。

　　5. The author of the passage believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt

　　(A) evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction

　　(B) attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors

　　(C) explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history

　　(D) established a basis for placing Black fiction within its own unique literary tradition

　　(E) assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically

　　选E

　　“在分析作品主题时，(也一并)评估相关作品的文学价值”，见句13-16。

　　(说句题外话，我认为文章作者这种态度就是鸡蛋里挑骨头，一种评论之所以成立，就是因为它已经成立的部分，如同一本小说好就因为它好的地方，说什么 “ 如果怎样怎样就更好了 ” 是没有任何意义的，是站着说话不腰疼，既然作者有那么多文学批评的建设理想，何不自己写出来。)

　　6. The author of the passage refers to James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to

　　(A) point out affinities between Rosenblatt‘s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism

　　(B) clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage

　　(C) qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt‘s book made in the first paragraph of the passage

　　(D) illustrate the affinities among Black novels disclosed by Rosenblatt‘s literary analysis

　　(E) give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt‘s work

　　选 E

　　“ 举例说明R的研究的一项成就 ”，见句 17，所谓 accomplishment 就是使我们注意到一些以前没人知道的好作品。

　　Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson‘s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

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