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GRE阅读题目解析:奴隶们扩张的亲缘系统

2017-03-02 09:16:00来源：网络

　　P5

　　1

　　Gutman‘s examination of the slaves‘ extended kinship system produces important findings.

　　G对奴隶们扩张的亲缘系统的研究有了重要发现。

　　2

　　Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners.

　　G发现(奴隶)表亲之间很少通婚，而是族外通婚，与之形成鲜明对照的是种植园主们实行的族内通婚。

　　3

　　This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

　　这种族外通婚的倾向，G认为，也许可以追溯到某些西非的婚姻习惯，尽管这些规定各有不同，但都包括某种对近亲婚姻的禁令。

　　4

　　This taboo against cousins‘ marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network.

　　这种对于表亲之间婚姻的禁忌很重要，G认为，因为这是奴隶群体扩张的亲缘网络的强烈意识的众多表征之一。

　　5

　　The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness.

　　(黑奴)远亲会照顾那些离家的孩子的事实也暗示了这种意识。

　　6

　　When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed.

　　血缘亲属关系稀疏的时候，比如西南部新开辟的种植园，“虚构的”的亲缘排列取而代之，直到形成新的亲族。

　　7

　　Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structure—which he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth century—provided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.

　　G 呈现了有力证据来证明，这种扩张的亲缘结构——他相信是十八世纪中后期形成的——为奴隶中存在的强烈的集体意识提供了基础。

　　11. According to the passage, all of the following are true of the West African rules governing marriage:

　　□A The rules forbade marriages between close kin.

　　□B The rules were not uniform in all respects from one West African tribe to another.

　　□C The rules have been considered to be a possible source of slaves‘ marriage preferences.

　　选 ABC

　　A 规则禁止近亲通婚，无争议。

　　B 不同部落的规则都不完全相同，只是都包含近亲通婚的禁令而已。

　　C 西非的规定被视为黑奴婚姻选择(远族而非近亲)的一种来源。

　　12. Which of the following statements concerning the marriage practices of plantation owners during the period of Black slavery in the United States can most logically be inferred from the information in the passage.

　　(A) These practices began to alter sometime around the mid-eighteenth century.

　　(B) These practices varied markedly from one region of the country to another.

　　(C) Plantation owners usually based their choice of marriage partners on economic considerations.

　　(D) Plantation owners often married earlier than slaves.

　　(E) Plantation owners often married their cousins.

　　选 E

　　句 2：

　　Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners.

　　endogamy 同族结婚

　　exogamy 异族通婚

　　13. Select the sentence in the passage that the author introduces additional support for the existence of the awareness of kinship among the slaves of an extended kinship network.

　　句 5：

　　“The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness.”

　　黑奴之间总是通过族外通婚(非近亲婚姻)来扩张自己的亲缘网络，G认为他们有很强的这种意识，句 4 说这种强烈地扩大自己的亲族体系的意识的一个证据是西非的各种部落都禁止近亲结婚。其中 also 可以回应题干要求中的 additional 。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:奴隶们扩张的亲缘系统，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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