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GRE阅读题目解析:阶级斗争造成种族主义

2017-03-02 09:16:00来源:网络

  P2

  1

  A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers.

  一位马克思主义者社会学家认为,种族主义是资本主义体系独有的阶级斗争造成的——资本家创造种族歧视以此来控制工人。

  (a Marxist sociologist 是说这个社会学家同时信奉马克思主义,是个马克思主义者。请不要翻译成马克思主义社会学家,会产生歧义,可能被认为是研究马克思主义社会学的家,也可能被认为是用马克思主义的方法研究社会学的家。)

  2

  His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

  他的理论能够相对好地解释发生在美国的对黑人的歧视,但他把种族歧视定义为“在任何种族竞争的语境下对于某个被认为属于同一种族的群体基于种族属性地负面地臆断”,这种解释一样适用于加州的排华,或欧洲中世纪的排犹。

  3

  However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race.

  然而,因为对后面二者的歧视并非资本家引起的,他不得不辩称这些敌对行为并非真正基于种族。

  (reason 做动词时,可以指 1)思考,理解,推理,推论,也可以指 2)为了说服某人而与之辩论,此处做后者解释。)

  4

  He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.

  因此(尽管没什么说服力),他把资本主义兴起前犹太人所遭遇的不宽容,和二十世纪早期发生在加州的东方人种歧视(从之前的理论中)去除掉,后者被很别扭地解释为,被工人煽动。

  (比较复杂的一句话,主干是 he disposes of both the intolerance and discrimination which was instigated by workers.

  dispose of sb./sth. 1)去除、舍弃;2)应付、解决。句中做第一种解释。

  按照之前的马克思主义者社会学家的理论,种族歧视都是阶级斗争,是资本家要控制工人。现在有人提出加州的排华和欧洲排犹都不是资本家发起的,他只好说这两种根本不是种族歧视,dispose of 舍弃了两种歧视作为种族歧视在他理论中的定位。)

  4. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions EXCEPT ?

  □A What conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?

  □B What evidence did the Marxist sociologist provide to support his thesis?

  □C What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the existence of racial prejudice?

  选 AB

  让我们选文段信息不能回答的问题。

  A. 什么条件导致二十世纪早期加州排华?

  马克思主义者社会学家认为是工人煽动的结果,作者认为他的解释,不可信 unconviningly 很别扭 inconveniently,但作者也没有说他认为排华的主要原因是什么。

  如果 A 改成:

  What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?

  则可以认为文中信息能够回答。

  B. 马克思主义者社会学家用以支撑他的理论的证据是什么?

  文中没有出现任何证据,只是说他的理论适用于美国的黑人歧视,但在排华和排犹问题的解释上出了问题。

  C. 马克思主义者社会学家给出的种族歧视出现的解释是什么?

  见第1句,是“控制工人的一种手段”。

  5. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist‘s chain of reasoning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was

  (A) directed primarily against the Chinese

  (B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews

  (C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition

  (D) provoked by workers

  (E) nonracial in character

  选 E

  注意问法,马主义者社会学家的逻辑链要求他如何看待加州排华?

  马家的逻辑链可大概表述为:种族主义是资本主义社会特有的,是资本家用来控制工人阶级的工具。

  现在加州排华被用来攻击他的理论,因为加州排华显然不是资本家挑起的。

  为了让自己的逻辑仍然成立,马家只能辩称,加州排华不算是种族歧视。

  注意:最后马家说排华是工人煽动的结果,只是一种遮掩的说法,不能说是逻辑链要求他做的,如果换个借口,说外星人煽动的也可,区别只是前一个稍微 plausible 一点,后一个干脆看起来就疯了。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:阶级斗争造成种族主义,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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