GRE阅读题目解析:非凡的创造性活动

　　P4

　　Questions 7-10 are based on the following passage.

　　1

　　Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted.

　　非凡的创造性活动是一种革命，它与现有的规则格格不入，创造不是为了讨好，而是为了改变。

　　(fly in the face of something 【牛津高阶双解】be contrary to something / oppose something 与某事物相悖，反对某事物)

　　2

　　According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization.

　　根据这个定义，高创造性活动超越现有形式的限制，建立一种新的规范。

　　3

　　However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences.

　　然而，“ 卓越创造超越成规 ” 的观点在艺术领域是不成立的，尽管它可能适用于科学界。

　　4

　　Difference between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals.

　　高创造性艺术品与创造性科学研究的区别，某种程度上缘于他们迥异的初衷。

　　5

　　For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act.

　　对科学来说，新的理论是创造活动的目标和最终结果。

　　6

　　Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.

　　创新的科学制造新的观点，用以更条理分明地解释彼此关联的不同现象。

　　7

　　Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory.

　　比如，一颗夺目的钻石或者一只筑巢的鸟都会被记录成某种数据，用以归纳或测试一种新理论。

　　8

　　The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act.

　　高创造性艺术的目标则完全不同：现象本身就是创造性活动的直接产物。

　　9

　　Shakespeare‘s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power; nor is Picasso‘s painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism.

　　莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》，并非单纯描述一个优柔寡断的王子或者政治权谋的小书;毕加索的画作《格尔尼卡》，主题主要也不关于西班牙内战或法西斯主义带来的灾难。

　　10

　　What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular.

　　高创造性艺术活动要完成的并非一种超越成规的新概括，而是一个具体的美学个例。

　　11

　　Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.

　　高创造性艺术家创造的具体的美学个例，以新的方式拓展或利用了，既有的某种艺术形式的限制，而不是超越它们。

　　12

　　This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind.

　　不能否认，某领域的艺术史上，确有高创造性艺术家建立新的组织原则;人们会想到，作品艺术价值达到巅峰的作曲家蒙特威尔第，就属于这种情况。

　　(Monteverdi，意大利作曲家(1567-1643)，被认为是歌剧这种形式的创始人)

　　13

　　More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth.

　　然而，更多普遍的情况是，一件作品是否在音乐史上建立了一种新的原则，跟它的艺术价值无关。

　　14

　　Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music.

　　一些音乐作品，比如 Florentine Camerata 的一些歌剧，体现了新的组织原则，在音乐史上具有一定的重要性，但没什么听众或音乐评家认为它们属于最伟大的音乐作品。

　　15

　　On the other hand, Mozart‘s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means.

　　另一方面，尽管莫扎特的《费加罗的婚礼》只是稍微扩展了前人的手法，却足以被称为杰作。

　　16

　　It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention.

　　有人说贝多芬颠覆了规则，把音乐从使人窒息的传统限制中解放出来。

　　17

　　But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules.

　　但如果你详细地研究它的作品就会发现，贝多芬没有颠覆任何基本规则。

　　18

　　Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.

　　相反，他是无人企及的利用各种限制的大师，他从海顿、莫扎特、韩德尔、巴赫等前辈音乐家那里继承了很多规则、形式和传统，并极具创造性地加以利用。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　7. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

　　(A) Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?

　　(B) Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also included Handel and Bach?

　　(C) Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?

　　选AB。

　　A

　　句 1：

　　Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary , …

　　B

　　句 18：

　　Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.

　　C

　　既创立新规则又受到听众好评的只举了Monteverdi，Florentine Camerata 的作品听众就不是很爱。

　　8. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with

　　(A) deep skepticism

　　(B) strong indignation

　　(C) marked indifference

　　(D) moderate amusement

　　(E) sharp derision

　　选 A

　　A 深深怀疑。根据在句 6-10 。

　　B 强烈愤怒

　　C 明显地漠不关心

　　D 觉得有点好玩

　　E 尖锐的嘲笑

　　9. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that

　　(A) is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientists

　　(B) is accepted immediately by the scientific community

　　(C) does not relegate particulars to the role of data

　　(D) presents the discovery of a new scientific fact

　　(E) introduces a new valid generalization

　　选 E

　　句 5、6：

　　For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act.

　　Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.

　　10. Which of the following statements would most logically concluded the last paragraph of the passage?

　　(A) Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.

　　(B) In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.

　　(C) Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.

　　(D) By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.

　　(E) Actually, Beethoven‘s most original works were largely unappreciated at the time that they were first performed.

　　选 B

　　A / D

　　Stravinsky、literture，文中都没出现过，无法判断，一定不选;

　　E

　　贝多芬的作品初演，当时的听众喜欢不喜欢，超越了文本信息的范围，不选;

　　C

　　很多作曲家都展示出了 Monteverdi 那样的多方面的才华(既创造新形式，又具有音乐性被人喜欢)，文中再看不到这种例子，不选;

　　B

　　伟大的欧洲作曲家创立的那些音乐形式在(贝多芬)以后仍然被后辈音乐家利用。

　　只能说 B 与文章观点不矛盾，鉴于其他选项都明显有问题，排除法了。

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