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GRE阅读题目解析:易洛魁部族联盟

2017-02-06 18:24:13来源:网络

  P1

  1

  Writing of the Iroquois nation, Smith has argued that through the chiefs' council, tribal chiefs traditionally maintained complete control over the political affairs of both the Iroquois tribal league and the individual tribes belonging to the league, whereas the sole jurisdiction over religious affairs resided with the shamans.

  在关于易洛魁部族联盟的著作中 S 提出,部族首领通过联合议会按照传统,保持了对联盟和各部族政治事务的绝对控制,唯独宗教事务的裁判权归于萨满祭司。

  2

  He contended that this division was maintained until the late nineteenth century.

  他认为这种分工一直保持到十九世纪后期。

  3

  However, Smith fails to recognize that this division of power between the tribal chiefs and shamans was not actually rooted in Iroquois tradition; rather, it resulted from the Iroquois' resettlement on reservations early in the nineteenth century.

  然而,S 忽略了酋长和萨满之间的这种权力划分,实际上,并非深植于易洛魁传统;相反,这是各族十九世纪早期重新协商保留地的产物。

  4

  Prior to resettlement, the chiefs' council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal league; individual tribes had institutions ― most important, the longhouse ― to govern their own affairs.

  在重新协商保留地以前,酋长联合议会只控制联盟的大概政策方向;各部族都有一些机构 —— 最重要的是长屋 —— 来管理本族具体事务。

  (broad 在此作 粗略的,大致的,不详细的

  longhouse 长屋,一般指易洛魁人的住屋形式,在此作者用了 institutions 说明引申为一种机构,可以粗糙地理解为易洛魁人的法院。样式见下图)

  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longhouse)

  5

  In the longhouse, the tribe's chief influenced both political and religious affairs. (137 words)

  在长屋中,政治和宗教事务都受酋长支配。

  1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage regards Smith's argument as

  (A) provocative and potentially useful, but flawed by poor organization

  (B) eloquently presented, but needlessly inflammatory

  (C) accurate in some of its particulars, but inaccurate with regard to an important point.

  (D) historically sound, but overly detailed and redundant

  (E) persuasive in its time, but now largely outdated

  选 C

  某些细节准确(句 1),重要问题不准确(句 3)。

  2. The author of the passage implies that which of the following occurred after the Iroquois were resettled on reservations early in the nineteenth century?

  (A) Chiefs became more involved in their tribes' religious affairs.

  (B) The authority of the chiefs' council over the affairs of individual tribes increased.

  (C) The political influence of the Iroquois shamans was diminished.

  (D) individual tribes coalesced into the Iroquois tribal league.

  (E) The longhouse because a political rather than a religious institution.

  选 B

  酋长联合议会,原来只管大概政策方向,后来完全控制了各族的政治事务。本质上是一种中央集权。

  A 错。酋长后来其实是放弃了以前对宗教事务的裁判权。

  C 未知。我们可以确定 “ 改革 ” 后萨满没有政治上的权力,但之前他们有没有政治权力不清楚(很可能也没有,因为被酋长控制,说可能没有,是因为最后一句作者用的是 influence 不排他),所以不能确定是不是 diminish 了。

  D 错,题目说的是 after,但其实早就联合了。

  E 乱聊项。即便 because 改成 became 也不对。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:易洛魁部族联盟,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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