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GRE阅读题目解析:针对女性的保护性法律

2017-01-12 15:40:00来源:网络

  P1

  1

  Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women's needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women.

  针对女性的保护性法律,通常以那些关于女性需要与能力的刻板假设为基础,它们往往成为雇主歧视女性的合法理由。

  (define 定义,解释,清楚描绘…的轮廓,明确地规定。sex-defined 字面意思是,明确地规定了性别的,结合文章内容,意译为针对女性的,专为女性的)

  2

  After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans.

  比如二战结束后,企业和政府都力图说服女性腾出工厂里的工作岗位,以安置退伍军人就业。

  3

  The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this.

  限制女性每日或每周工时的州法被恢复或通过,使这种劝服更为便利。

  4

  Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of "protecting" their health.

  工厂主只需声明,加班是雇佣或升职的必要条件,就可以完全合法地解雇女工,回绝应聘,或压低她们的薪水,都美其名曰 “ 保护 ” 她们的健康。

  5

  At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women.

  同时,即使最友善的立法者,法院以及雇主,都经常忽略女性真正的需要。

  6

  The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth. (170 words)

  立法者和法院一直允许雇主提供这样的健康保险计划,涵盖所有已知的人类医疗伤残,除了怀孕与分娩所造成的。

  1. According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?

  (A) Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.

  (B) Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.

  (C) Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.

  (D) The health of most women factory workers improved.

  (E) Employment practices that addressed the real needs of women workers became common.

  选 A

  问那些混蛋法恢复或通过的结果是什么。

  回到文章句 3:

  The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this.

  this 指代的,正是句 2 中提到的政府和企业,想劝女工回家,给退伍军人让出工作机会。劝女工离开的一种工具,就是以健康为由立法规定每日或每周女性的工作时间不能超限,雇主只要声称加班是必要的,女工自然就被淘汰了。

  2. The author places the word "protecting" in quotation marks most likely in order to suggest that

  (A) she is quoting the actual wording of the laws in question

  (B) the protective nature of the laws in question should not be overlooked

  (C) protecting the health of workers is important to those who support protective labor laws

  (D) the laws in question were really used to the detriment of women workers, despite being overtly protective in intent

  (E) the health of workers is not in need of protection, even in jobs where many hours of overtime work are required

  项 D

  A 可能是,也许保护法里真的有这个词,但作者把 protecting 打引号是为了反讽,不是为了引用。

  B 瞎聊了。根本就不是 protective,举个例子吧,你晚上出街散步有可能被偷手机,所以政府决定晚上实施宵禁,这是保护还是扩大化?土耳其几个月前发生政变,上街的士兵 300 多人,结果埃尔多安几天内抓了 5000 多人说他们是幕后主使,这是平叛还是扩大化?保护扩大化,平叛扩大化,本意根本就不是保护和平叛了,protective 也属于这种情况。

  C 瞎聊,同上。

  D 正确项。其实是对女工的一种损害,虽然台面上的说法是保护。

  什么叫正常的保护立法?假定预设不变,加班对人的健康有害,可以强令老板,加班时间的时薪必须不低于正常工作时间,如果必须经常加班,雇主要报销更多的体检和医保,提供更多补助,这些有助于减少加班。当然右派观点可能认为这种保护是多余的,那就是另一种讨论了。

  E 干扰项。工人的健康当然需要保护,否则天天工作 20 小时,搞不好一小半猝死,问题是文章讨论的这些立法不是为了保护女工,只是为了排挤他们(结果也是女工被排挤出劳动市场了),真正的劳动保护法,不应该只针对女性,所以说这是一种歧视。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:针对女性的保护性法律,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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