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GRE阅读题目解析：地震波反射法

2016-12-22 12:22:00来源：网络

　　P3

　　1

　　Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves.

　　因为能准确勾勒出地表以下的结构，地震波反射法仍然是石油勘探的首要工具。

　　2

　　In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by line arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern.

　　在实地勘测中，地下构造被一条加载了一些波源信息的线描绘出来，波源，比方说网格式排列的小型黄色炸药。

　　3

　　As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock's elastic characteristics.

　　随着每个波源被激活(炸药爆炸)，产生一个向下传播的波列，传播的速度只由岩石的弹性特征决定。

　　4

　　As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.

　　由于不同材质的岩石界面相互交错，弹性特征往往突然改变，导致部分能量被反射至地表，被地震波设备接收记录。

　　5

　　The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces.

　　地震波记录必须矫正一些误差，误差可能来自于，波源(炸药爆炸的地点)和接收点的位置差异，不相关的波列，以及岩石界面对震波的多次反射。

　　6

　　Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling. (162 words)

　　而后，不同位置的波源获得的数据被整合，产生一副地下物理轮廓图，借此可以选择钻探目标。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　4. According to the passage, in the seismic-reflection method which of the following have a significant effect on the signal detected by the seismic instruments

　　(A) presence of unrelated wave trains

　　(B) placement of the seismic instruments

　　(C) properties of rocks through which the wave train has traveled

　　选ABC

　　A 这是结果中需要过滤掉的，可以理解为杂音。

　　B 不同距离也会产生不同的误差。

　　C 即岩石的弹性特征。

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that the seismic-reflection method would be likely to yield an inaccurate physical profile of the subsurface in which of the following circumstances?

　　(A) If the speed at which the wave train moved downward changed

　　(B) If the receiver were not positioned directly at the wave-train source

　　(C) If the rock on one side of a rock interface had similar elastic characteristics to those of the rock on the other side

　　(D) If the seismic records obtained for the different sources in a grid were highly similar to each other

　　(E) If there were no petroleum deposits beneath the area defined by the grid of wave-train sources

　　选C

　　注意，问的是物理轮廓有可能产生误差，没问测石油蕴藏这件事的误差。

　　“As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock's elastic characteristics. ”

　　句 3 告诉我们，弹性特征是影响震波传播速度的唯一一个参数。

　　那么如果如 C 所描述的，两个界面的石头弹性特征类似，那么在最后的波形反馈上，我们就无法判断这里有没有一个界面，有可能就略过了这个界面的存在。结果导致 physical profile 出现了 inaccurate 的情况。

　　6. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

　　(A) A method is criticized, and an alternative is suggested.

　　(B) An illustration is examined, and some errors are exposed.

　　(C) An assertion is made, and a procedure is outlined.

　　(D) A series of examples is presented, and a conclusion is drawn.

　　(E) A hypothesis is advanced, and supporting evidence is supplied.

　　选C

　　开头抛出的 assertion 是，“地震波反射法还是最主要的方法”，后面描述了这个方法的大概步骤和原理。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:地震波反射法，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。


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