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GRE阅读题目解析:器官移植

2016-12-22 10:57:00来源:网络

  P5

  The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems:

  一对一器官移植通常会涉及两个主要问题:

  (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens of both individuals are nearly identical, and

  除非二者器官的抗原几乎完全相同,否则可能引起移植排斥,以及

  (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor.

  任何不相符合的移植产生的抗原,会使接受者产生针对捐献方特有的淋巴细胞,这些淋巴细胞将对来自捐献者的后续移植产生强烈的排斥反应。

  However, we have found that, among many strains of rats, liver transplants are never rejected, and that they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness.

  然而我们已经发现,许多种老鼠之间的肝移植从未产生排斥,而且它们甚至产生了一种捐献者特定无反应状态。

  Our hypothesis is that

  我们的假设是

  (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver‘s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that

  多种老鼠只是不能产生一种足够强力的破坏性免疫反应(通过淋巴细胞),以超过肝脏更为强大的,针对免疫反应伤害的自我保护功能,以及

  (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient‘s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant. (138 words)

  观察到的系统性无反应状态,是因为针对捐献者的淋巴细胞本来就聚集在接受者的肝部。

  (本来是要排斥的,但部队都聚集在肝部,结果坏蛋科学家恰好给人家换的是肝,老鼠哭着说)

  9 The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?

  (A) Explicate their main features

  (B) Suggest an alternative to them

  (C) Examine their virtues and limitations

  (D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them

  (E) Present findings that qualify them

  选E

  通过发现来描述:发现了器官移植的两种情况,一种是抗原高度类似,和平相处;一种是产生排斥反应。

  A 阐述了它们的主要特点,不算错,但没有 E 准确

  B 暗示一种替代方案,并没有

  C 分析了它们的优点和局限,并没有

  D 批判了支撑他们的主要证据,并没有。后面说老鼠的不排斥,不是为了说人类其实也不排斥,它改变不了人类有排斥的事实,这只是类比,不是攻击。

  10. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors‘ hypothesis?

  I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.

  II. Increasing the strength of the recipient‘s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.

  III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.

  IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.

  (A) II only

  (B) I and III only

  (C) II and IV only

  (D) I, II, and III only

  (E) I, III, and IV only

  选A

  刻板啊,生生把一道不定项选择,逼成了纠结的单选题。

  逐条分析,然后再看选项。

  1) 一看到胃移植,叉掉,包括这条的都叉掉。

  2) 正确项。

  3) 未知项。不能判断是否排斥,看到 any other donor (毕竟换个马的也叫 any other donor)你就该意识到,这个选项太浪了,完全不收敛,所以不看好,假如考场上读不懂,必须蒙答案了,也应对这种绝对化的描述宁枉勿纵。

  4) 说反了,按照文章后段的第二条假设,如果这些淋巴细胞没有被聚集在肝脏拿掉,它们理应在皮肤移植后开始抗议,开始排斥。

  综上,选A。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:器官移植,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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