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GRE阅读题目解析:圆形蛛网的进化

2016-12-19 15:20:17来源：网络

　　P5

　　1

　　One of the questions of interest in the study of the evolution of spiders is whether the weaving of orb webs evolved only once or several times.

　　蜘蛛演化过程研究中的一个有趣问题是，圆形蛛网的进化经历了一次还是多次。

　　(我很奇这哪有趣了)

　　2

　　About half the 35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs.

　　已知的 35000 种蜘蛛大约一半结网;结网蛛中有三分一结的是圆网。

　　3

　　Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related.

　　因为多数是圆网蛛属于 A 科或 U 科，只有弄清这两科是否有关系才能确定圆网的起源。

　　4

　　Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle’s theory.

　　最近，关于两科蜘蛛的分类学研究表明，二者有不同的祖先，于是这和 W 的理论矛盾。

　　5

　　This theory postulates that the families must be related, based on the assumption that complex behavior, such as web building, could evolve only once.

　　这种理论假定两个家族一定相关，基于这样一个假设：如结网这样的复杂行为只能进化一次。

　　6

　　According to Kullman, web structure is the only characteristic that suggests a relationship between families.

　　根据 K 的观点，网的结构(相似)是暗示两个家族有关系的唯一一个特征。

　　7

　　The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes.

　　二者从外观，体毛的结构到眼睛的排列都有区别。

　　8

　　Only Uloborids lack venom glands.

　　只有 U 们没有毒液腺。

　　9

　　Further identification and study of characteristic features will undoubtedly answer the question of the evolution of the orb web. (172 words)

　　进一步的鉴定与关于蜘蛛细节特征的研究，无疑将回答圆网进化的问题。

　　8. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) settle the question of whether orb webs evolved once or more than once

　　(B) describe scientific speculation concerning an issue related to the evolution of orb webs

　　(C) analyze the differences between the characteristic features of spiders in the Araneidae and Uloboridae families

　　(D) question the methods used by earlier investigators of the habits of spiders

　　(E) demonstrate that Araneidae spiders are not related to Uloboridae spiders

　　选B

　　A 看最后一句话就知道，不可能 settle 的。

　　B 正确项。

　　C 没有分析，只告诉我们结果发现他们祖先不同。

　　D 质疑的是假设，或者说 W 的理论，没有质疑研究方法。

　　E 错在 demonstrate 。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　9. According to the passage, members of the Araneidae family can be distinguished from members of the Uloboridae family by all of the following

　　(A) the presence of venom glands

　　(B) the structure of their body hair

　　(C) the arrangement of their eyes

　　选ABC

　　句 7、8：

　　The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes.

　　Only Uloborids lack venom glands.

　　10. Which of the following statements, if true, most weakens Wiehle‘s theory that complex behavior could evolve only once?

　　(A) Horses, introduced to the New World by the Spaniards, thrived under diverse climatic conditions.

　　(B) Plants of the Palmaceae family, descendants of a common ancestor, evolved unique seed forms even though the plants occupy similar habitats throughout the world.

　　(C) All mammals are descended from a small, rodentlike animal whose physical characteristics in some form are found in all its descendants.

　　(D) Plants in the Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, although they often look alike and have developed similar mechanisms to meet the rigors of the desert, evolved independently.

　　(E) The Cuban anole, which was recently introduced in the Florida wilds, is quickly replacing the native Florida chameleon because the anole has no competitors.

　　选D

　　A 适应不同的气候条件，不是复杂的行为进化，只是适应。

　　B 仍然只是 forms 的区别，不是 complex behaviors 的区别。

　　C 不但是 form，而且都没有区别了。

　　D 正确项。C 科与 E 科的植物，尽管经常长的很像且进化出了近似的机制以应对沙漠的严酷环境，但它们的进化彼此独立。这与文章讨论的两科蜘蛛很相似，不同科意味着不同祖先，最终都进化出了的圆的蛛网结构。这显然攻击了 W 那种 complex behavior could evolve only once 的说法。

　　E 看到 no competitors 什么的，已经失去了耐心。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:圆形蛛网的进化，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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