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GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(1)

2016-03-10 18:31:15来源：网络

　　我们先回头看看句14，

　　“An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in most copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age in amounts consistent with the lead being derived from the copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. ”

　　如果铅完全来自于矿石，那么是有追踪效果的。如果铅来自外加的物质，万一加入的铅的同位素构成，跟矿石中的铅的同位素构成数值差异很大，就可能干扰检测的结果，所以这里提出铅可能来自熔剂，是一种科学的保守，也就是 A 项描述。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　5. According to the passage, possible sources of the lead found in a copper or bronze artifact include which of the following?

　　□A The copper ore used to manufacture the artifact

　　□B Flux added during processing of the copper ore

　　□C Other metal added during processing of the copper ore

　　选ABC

　　句 14 告诉我们铜矿石中都含有铅，句16告诉我们熔炼过程中加入熔剂和其他金属，也可能带入了铅，所以选 ABC 。

　　6. Select the sentence in the passage that the author rejects copper as the “ideal choice” .

　　句13

　　“However, the variations are large enough only in rare ores; between samples of the common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations greater than the measurement error have not been found. ”

　　我们要测量某种差异，测量过程中也一定会发生误差，只有当这种差异在相当程度上超过误差的规模时，我们才能采信这种结果。

　　比如我要回忆我跟我小学同桌的学习程度的对比，回忆的对象是期末考试分数，回忆可能存在几分的偏差。

　　假设我同桌学习特棒总是95左右，那么算上偏差她可能90-100分，而我一般都是75，算上偏差也不会到80以上，则这种对比是有明确结果的。

　　如果我们都是80分左右，则我的回忆完全不能比较我们的程度差异，也许我们该换一种方式，比如回母校查阅当年考试成绩的记录。

　　7. It can be inferred from the passage that the use of flux in processing copper ore can alter the lead isotope composition of the resulting metal EXCEPT when

　　(A) there is a smaller concentration of lead in the flux than in the copper ore

　　(B) the concentration of lead in the flux is equivalent to that of the lead in the ore

　　(C) some of the lead in the flux evaporates during processing

　　(D) any lead in the flux has the same isotopic composition as the lead in the ore

　　(E) other metals are added during processing

　　选D

　　非常好的逻辑题。

　　前面第 4 题，我们知道，要确定铜，我们用了铅，但是铅可能有外来一些干扰，题目问我们哪种情况下可以排除这种干扰，注意 EXCEPT 。

　　如果加入的铅在同位素构成比例上，和矿石中原有的铅相同，加多少也就无所谓，因为我要测的是同位素的衰减程度。

　　就好像我要研究80岁左右的老头，如果60年前混入我们研究范围的男青年也都是20岁，那么现在他们也80岁了，不影响我们调查80岁老头的结果。

　　P3

　　1

　　Echolocating bats emit sounds in patterns—characteristic of each species—that contain both frequency-modulated (FM) and constant-frequency (CF) signals.

　　回声定位的蝙蝠发出的声音有固定模式——每种蝙蝠各有不同——都包含 FM 和 CF 信号。

　　2

　　The broadband FM signals and the narrowband CF signals travel out to a target, reflect from it, and return to the hunting bat.

　　宽频 FM 信号和窄频 CF 信号到达一个目标，然后反射回来被猎食的蝙蝠接收。

　　3

　　In this process of transmission and reflection, the sounds are changed, and the changes in the echoes enable the bat to perceive features of the target.

　　在这个发射与接收的过程中声音有所改变，而回声中的这些变化使蝙蝠掌握目标的轮廓特征。

　　4

　　The FM signals report information about target characteristics that modify the timing and the fine frequency structure, or spectrum, of echoes—for example, the target‘s size, shape, texture, surface structure, and direction in space.

　　FM信号报告那些改变了时间和频率结构或者说回声声谱的目标结构特点——比如说，目标的大小，形状，结构，表面构造，在空间中的方向。

　　5

　　Because of their narrow bandwidth, CF signals portray only the target‘s presence and, in the case of some bat species, its motion relative to the bat‘s.

　　因为他们的窄波 CF 信号只表明有目标，至于某些种类的蝙蝠，它们 CF 信号的移动只跟蝙蝠的移动相关。

　　6

　　Responding to changes in the CF echo‘s frequency, bats of some species correct in flight for the direction and velocity of their moving prey. (150 words)

　　根据回声 CF 频率的改变，某些种类的蝙蝠可以修正飞行路线，在捕猎活动中调整方向和速度。

　　8. According to the passage, the information provided to the bat by CF echoes differs from that provided by FM echoes in which of the following ways?

　　(A) Only CF echoes alert the bat to moving targets.

　　(B) Only CF echoes identify the range of widely spaced targets.

　　(C) Only CF echoes report the target‘s presence to the bat.

　　(D) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to judge whether it is closing in on its target.

　　(E) In some species, CF echoes enable the bat to discriminate the size of its target and the direction in which the target is moving.

　　选D

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