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GRE双语阅读材料:干细胞治疗与器官再生

2018-04-14 14:55:00来源:网络

  Stem-cell therapies——Prometheus unbound

  干细胞治疗:普罗米修斯自由了

  Researchers have yet to realise the old dream of regenerating organs. But they are getting closer

  亘古以来,器官再生便是人类的夙愿。如今研究人员虽然还未真正实现,但成功的脚步已经越来越近

  PROMETHEUS, a Titan bound to a rock by Zeus, endured the daily torture of an eagle feasting on his liver, only to have the organ regrow each night.

  在希腊神话之中,提坦普罗米修斯被宙斯束缚在一块巨石之上,白天忍受着老鹰啄食他的肝脏,夜晚他的肝脏却又总会再次生长。

  Compared with this spectacle, a video on the website of Nature seems decidedly dull.

  与生动的故事情节相比,《自然》网站上的一段视频就显得如此枯燥。

  It shows a collection of pink dots consolidating into a darker central glob.

  这段视频向世人展示了无数粉红色的小点向中心聚拢,成为一个颜色更深的团状物的过程。

  But something titanic is indeed happening.

  但这正是普罗米修斯自由的曙光。

  The pink dots are stem cells, and the video shows the development of a liver bud, something which can go on to look and act like a liver.

  那些粉红色的小点就是干细胞,而视频显示的正是肝芽生长的过程,并且这个肝芽可以进一步发育为,无论是外表还是功能都与肝脏类似的组织。

  Takanori Takebe and Hideki Taniguchi of Yokohama City University, in Japan, who made the video, have created working human-liver tissue.

  日本横滨市立大学的武部孝则和谷口英机拍摄了这段视频,这次他们培养出了具有功能性的人类肝脏组织。

  Researchers have long dreamed that stem cells might be used to repair or replace damaged tissue, an aspiration known as regenerative medicine.

  研究人员长期以来都设想干细胞能够用来修复或替换受损组织,该研究领域则被冠名为再生医学。

  Embryonic stem cells, in particular, are pluripotent, meaning they are able to become any other type of cell.

  多能的胚胎干细胞被再生医学家们寄予厚望,所谓多能就意味着这些干细胞可以分化出多种其他类型的细胞。

  And it is now possible to induce pluripotency in cells that have not come from embryos, thus circumventing the ethical minefield previously associated with obtaining them.

  现在的技术已经可以在非胚胎细胞中诱导细胞的多能性,这样就可以绕过之前直接使用胚胎细胞时所引发的伦理争议。

  Last year Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University won a Nobel prize for the invention of induced pluripotency.

  日本京都大学的山中伸弥由于成功诱导细胞的多能性而于去年荣获诺贝尔奖。

  He had shown how four signal proteins can reprogram adult cells into a pluripotent state.

  他公开发表了借助四种信号蛋白,重组成人细胞并使其具有多能性的实验过程。

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