GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(6)

　　【GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(6)】GRE考试考什么？GRE阅读是重点。新东方在新东方在线GRE频道为大家带来GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析，答案见下一页，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GRE频道!

　　查看全部：GRE阅读模拟题及答案解析(汇总)

　　GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(6)

　　P1

　　Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere. The term "geohydrology" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "hydrogeology".

　　Geohydrology is concerned with underground water.

　　There are many formations that contain water but are not part of the hydrologic cycle because of geologic changes that have isolated them underground.

　　These systems are properly termed geohydrologic but not hydrogeologic.

　　Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. (107 words)

　　1. It can be inferred that which of the following is most likely to be the subject of study by a geohydrologist?

　　(A) Soft, porous rock being worn away by a waterfall

　　(B) Water depositing minerals on the banks of a gorge through which the water runs

　　(C) The trapping of water in a sealed underground rock cavern through the action of an earthquake

　　(D) Water becoming unfit to drink through the release of pollutants into it from a manufacturing plant

　　(E) The changing course of a river channel as the action of the water wears away the rocks past which the river flows

　　2. The author refers to "many formations" primarily in order to

　　(A) clarify a distinction

　　(B) introduce a subject

　　(C) draw an analogy

　　(D) emphasize a similarity

　　(E) resolve a conflict

　　P2

　　In the 1750‘s, when salons were firmly established in France, some English women, who called themselves "Bluestocking", followed the example of the salonnieres (French salon hostesses) and formed their own salons.

　　Most Bluestockings did not wish to mirror the salonnieres; they simply desired to adapt a proven formula to their own purpose — the elevation of women‘s status through moral and intellectual training.

　　Differences in social orientation and background can account perhaps for differences in the nature of French and English salons.

　　The French salon incorporated aristocratic attitudes that exalted courtly pleasure and emphasized artistic accomplishments.

　　The English Bluestockings, originating from a more modest background, emphasized learning and work over pleasure.

　　Accustomed to the regimented life of court circles, salonnieres tended toward formality in their salons.

　　The English women, though somewhat puritanical, were more casual in their approach. (139 words)

　　3. According to the passage, a significant distinction between the salonnieres and Bluestockings was in the way each group regarded which of the following?

　　(A) The value of acquiring knowledge

　　(B) The role of pleasure in the activities of the literary salon

　　(C) The desirability of a complete break with societal traditions

　　(D) The inclusion of women of different backgrounds in the salons

　　(E) The attainment of full social and political equality with men

　　4. The author refers to differences in social background between salonnieres and Bluestockings in order to do which of the following?

　　(A) Criticize the view that their choices of activities were significantly influenced by male salon members

　　(B) Discuss the reasons why literary salons in France were established before those in England

　　(C) Question the importance of the Bluestockings in shaping public attitudes toward educated women

　　(D) Refute the argument that the French salons had little influence over the direction the English salons took

　　(E) Explain the differences in atmosphere and style in their salons

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　5. Which of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the salonnieres as described in the passage?

　　□A Devotion to pleasure and art is justified in itself.

　　□B Men should be excluded from groups of women‘s rights supporters.

　　□C Women should aspire to be not only educated but independent as well.

　　P3

　　The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers‘ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. (43 words)

　　6. If the author‘s assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?

　　(A) Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.

　　(B) Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.

　　(C) Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client‘s ability to believe.

　　(D) Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.

　　(E) Concentrate your advertising firmly on financially relevant issues such as price discounts and efficiency of operation.

　　P4

　　All of Francoise Duparc‘s surviving paintings blend portraiture and genre.

　　Her subjects appear to be acquaintances whom she has asked to pose; she has captured both their self-consciousness and the spontaneity of their everyday activities, the depiction of which characterizes genre painting.

　　But genre painting, especially when it portrayed members of the humblest classes, was never popular in eighteenth-century France.

　　The Le Nain brothers and Georges de La Tour, who also chose such themes, were largely ignored.

　　Their present high standing is due to a different, more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values: we no longer require artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsification of the truth.

　　Duparc gives no improving message and discreetly refrains from judging her subjects. In brief, her works neither elevate nor instruct.

　　This restraint largely explains her lack of popular success during her lifetime, even if her talent did not go completely unrecognized by her eighteenth-century French contemporaries.

　　7. According to the passage, modern viewers are not likely to value which of the following qualities in a painting?

　　(A) The technical elements of the painting

　　(B) The spontaneity of the painting

　　(C) The moral lesson imparted by the painting

　　(D) The degree to which the painting realistically depicts its subject

　　(E) The degree to which the artist‘s personality is revealed in the painting

　　8. If the history of Duparc‘s artistic reputation were to follow that of the Le Nain brothers and Georges de La Tour, present-day assessments of her work would be likely to contain which of the following?

　　(A) An evaluation that accords high status to her work

　　(B) Acknowledgement of her technical expertise but dismissal of her subject matter as trivial

　　(C) Agreement with assessments made in her own time but acknowledgements of the exceptional quality of a few of her paintings

　　(D) Placement of her among the foremost artists of her century

　　(E) A reclassification of her work as portraiture rather than genre painting

　　9. Select the sentence in the passage in which the author indicates that aesthetic judgments can be influenced by the political beliefs of those making the judgment.

　　P5

　　Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body‘s midline are mirror images).

　　Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.

　　While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed.

　　In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.

　　Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a "cline" and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences.

　　For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other?

　　The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer.

　　In all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain‘s left side and vice versa.

　　This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish‘s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous.

　　For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.

　　The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.

　　As other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic.

　　This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.

　　As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an evolutionary red herring. (456 words)

　　10. According to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder

　　(A) are not basically bilaterally symmetric

　　(B) do not become asymmetric until adulthood

　　(C) do not all share the same asymmetry

　　(D) have both eyes on the same side of the head

　　(E) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　11. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?

　　□A They are adaptive variations by the starry flounder to environmental differences.

　　□B They do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.

　　□C They occur in different proportions in different locations.

　　12. According to the passage, a possible disadvantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can

　　(A) adhere to one another

　　(B) detach from the eyes

　　(C) cross

　　(D) stretch

　　(E) twist

　　13. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?

　　(A) A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.

　　(B) A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.

　　(C) A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.

　　(D) A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.

　　(E) A hypothesis is introduced and corroborated in the light of new evidence.