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GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(14)

2016-04-12 17:56:43来源：网络

　　P4

　　1

　　National character is not formally considered by social scientists in discussing economic and social development today.

　　当今的社科学者们讨论经济和社会发展问题时，通常不考虑民族性因素。

　　2

　　They believe that people differ and that these differences should be taken into account somehow, but they have as yet discovered no way to include such variables in their formal models of economic and social development.

　　他们相信民族之间有差异，且这些差异某种程度上应该被考虑，但迄今为止他们也找不到一种恰当的方式，把这些变量纳入他们研究经济和社会发展的正规模型中。

　　3

　　The difficulty lies in the nature of the data that supposedly define different national characters.

　　难点在于那些被假设定义了不同民族性的数据的特性。

　　4

　　Anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms that exist in a complex modern nation-state composed of many disparate groups.

　　尝试描述一个小的，由同族人组成的部落或村庄的文化规范时，人类学家和其他研究者会相当确定，但当他们面对的是一个由许多迥异的人群组成的复杂的现代民族国家，要发现其中存在的规范就变成一个难以完成的任务。

　　5

　　The situation is further complicated by the nature of judgments about character; since such judgments are overly dependent on impressions and since, furthermore, impressions are usually stated in qualitative terms, it is impossible to make a reliable comparison between the national characters of two countries.

　　更复杂的情况在于对这些民族性的评价，因为这些评价过于依赖印象，此外又因为印象通常需要借助描述性质的词语来表达，结果就是我们不可能对两个国家的特点做出可靠的比较。

　　7. The author's main point in the passage is that national character

　　○A is too elusive to merit attention by anthropologists and other social scientists.

　　○B is of greater interest to social scientists today than it has been in the past.

　　○C is still too difficult to describe with the precision required by many social scientists.

　　○D has become increasingly irrelevant because of the complexity of modern lift.

　　○E can be described more accurately by anthropologists than by other social scientists.

　　选C

　　根据在句2，难以量化，难以精确描述。

　　比如我们研究的题目是“中国改革开放三十年的经济发展”，一个可观测的数据是经济发展的速度(比如GDP每年的增速百分比)，也许其中一个重要因素是“中国人能够吃苦耐劳”，然而显然吃苦耐劳是难以量化的，也就无法纳入经济发展研究的数据模型中。

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　8. It can be inferred from the passage that the social scientists mentioned in the first two sentences would agree with which of the following statements?

　　□A It is extremely difficult to create models that account for both economic and social development

　　□B Models of economic and social development would be improved by the inclusion of adequate descriptions of national character.

　　□C it is important to supplement formal models of economic and social development with qualitative impressions of national character.

　　选B

　　A 根据文段信息无法判断。

　　B adequate，足够满足某种要求的，在此指精确性。

　　C 错在qualitative impressions，如果我们需要qualitative impressions，现在就可以做到，也就没什么需要改进的了。

　　9. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

　　○A A problem is presented and reasons for its existence are supplied.

　　○B A controversial view is presented and evidence for its validity is supplied.

　　○C A hypothesis is presented and possible means of verifying it are suggested.

　　○D A recent development is described and then analyzed.

　　○E A dispute is summarized and one side defended.

　　选A

　　提出了一个问题：

　　民族性因素无法被纳入经济和社会发展的研究模型。

　　原因是：

　　1 民族性无法量化;

　　2 过于依赖描述品质的修辞(中国人的不爱公开表态，和芬兰人的社交关系疏离，两种不爱在公开场合说话的特点，永远没办法比较)。

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