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GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(12)

2016-03-11 17:14:56来源：网络

　　P2

　　1

　　A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers.

　　一位马克思主义者社会学家认为，种族主义是资本主义体系独有的阶级斗争造成的——资本家创造种族歧视以此来控制工人。

　　(

　　a Marxist sociologist 是说这个社会学家同时信奉马克思主义，是个马克思主义者。请不要翻译成马克思主义社会学家，那种是歧义的翻译，不好的翻译，可能被认为是研究马克思主义社会学的家，也可能被认为是用马克思主义的方法研究社会学的家。

　　)

　　2

　　His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

　　他的理论能够相对好地解释发生在美国的黑人歧视，但他把种族歧视定义为“在任何种族竞争的语境下对于某个被认为属于同一种族的群体基于种族属性地负面地臆断”，这种解释一样适用于加州的排华，或欧洲中世纪的排犹。

　　3

　　However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race.

　　然而，因为对后面二者的歧视并非资本家引起的，他不得不辩称这些敌对行为并非真正基于种族。

　　(

　　reason 做动词时，可以指 1)思考，理解，推理，推论，也可以指 2)为了说服某人而与之辩论，此处做后者解释。

　　)

　　4

　　He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.

　　因此(尽管没什么说服力)，他把资本主义兴起前犹太人所遭遇的不宽容，和二十世纪早期发生在加州的东方人种歧视(从之前的理论中)去除掉，很别扭地解释为被工人煽动。

　　(

　　比较复杂的一句话，主干是 he disposes of both the intolerance and discrimination which was instigated by workers.

　　dispose of sb./sth. 1)去除、舍弃;2)应付、解决。句中做第一种解释。

　　按照之前的马克思主义者社会学家的理论，种族歧视都是阶级斗争，是资本家要控制工人。现在有人提出加州的排华和欧洲排犹都不是资本家发起的，他只好说这两种根本不是种族歧视，dispose of 舍弃了两种歧视作为种族歧视在他理论中的定位。

　　)

　　4. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions EXCEPT?

　　□A What conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?

　　□B What evidence did the Marxist sociologist provide to support his thesis?

　　□C What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the existence of racial prejudice?

　　选AB。

　　EXCEPT一定要注意，希望已经被放到足够大了。题目让我们选文段信息不能回答的问题。

　　A. 什么条件导致二十世纪早期加州排华?

　　马克思主义者社会学家认为是工人煽动的结果，作者认为他的解释，不可信 unconviningly 很别扭 inconveniently，但作者也没有说他认为排华的主要原因是什么。

　　如果 A 改成：

　　What explanation did the Marxist sociologist give for the conditions caused the discrimination against Oriental people in California in the early twentieth century?

　　则可以认为文中信息能够回答。

　　B. 马克思主义者社会学家用以支撑他的理论的证据是什么?

　　文中没有出现任何证据，只是说他的理论适用于美国的黑人歧视，但在排华和排犹问题的解释上出了问题。

　　C. 马克思主义者社会学家给出的种族歧视出现的解释是什么?

　　见第1句，是“控制工人的一种手段”。

　　5. According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist‘s chain of reasoning required him to assert that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was

　　(A) directed primarily against the Chinese

　　(B) similar in origin to prejudice against the Jews

　　(C) understood by Oriental people as ethnic competition

　　(D) provoked by workers

　　(E) nonracial in character

　　选E。

　　4:20

　　2-2-5of36

　　来自精神与时间的房子

　　P3

　　1

　　It would be wonderful to observe a singularity (an infinitely dense concentration of matter) and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly bizarre phenomena that occur near one.

　　能够近距离观察一个奇点，掌握这种无疑称得上奇观的直接证据，该多好啊。

　　2

　　Unfortunately, in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity; outgoing light rays are dragged back by gravity so forcefully that even if they could start out within a few kilometers of the singularity, they would end up in the singularity itself.

　　可惜，大多数情况下，有距离的观测者看不到奇点;外逃的光线会被重力拖回，即便它们射出了数千米，也会终结于奇点。

　　6. Which of the following sentences would most probably follow the last sentence of the passage?

　　(A) Thus, a physicist interested in studying phenomena near singularities would necessarily hope to find a singularity with a measurable gravitational field.

　　(B) Accordingly, physicists to date have been unable to observe directly any singularity.

　　(C) It is specifically this startling phenomenon that has allowed us to codify the scant information currently available about singularities.

　　(D) Moreover, the existence of this extraordinary phenomenon is implied in the extensive reports of several physicists.

　　(E) Although unanticipated, phenomena such as these are consistent with the structure of a singularity.

　　选B。

　　A “因此，感兴趣的物理学家在奇点附近将必定可期通过一个可测量的引力场来确定奇点。”

　　读起来无比对，可惜文段里没说，认为A无比对的同学只是错误地使用了背景知识，再一次跟我复习GRE文字推理的第一原则：

　　“GRE文字推理部分，如果你没有背景知识——是一种幸运，倘若不幸具备一些背景知识——切记要非常谨慎地使用，一切从文本和常识出发。”

　　C 不allow，完全不allow。

　　D 不知道，文中没说。

　　E 不知道什么是 the structure of a singularity，电影倒是讨论过关于这个话题，比如《星际穿越》。

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