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GRE阅读考试模拟题及答案解析(10)

2016-03-11 17:12:14来源：网络

　　P1

　　1

　　Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.

　　某些寄生性胡蜂种群内雌性的数量远超雄性，这种性别比与博弈论紧密相关。

　　倒装句，正常的语序是 the sex ratios(一堆修饰成分) are immediately relevant to game theory.

　　game theory：博弈论

　　2

　　In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.

　　在这些种群内，受精卵发育为雌蜂，而未受精卵发育为雄蜂。

　　3

　　A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized.

　　雌蜂携带精子，它可以通过选择是否让其受精来决定每一枚它产的卵的性别。

　　4

　　By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters.

　　F的遗传学观点认为，让每一个体产生最多后代并因此传播自身基因的性别比最具竞争优势，生育数量相当的两种性别的后代对雌蜂是最有利的。

　　(F哥的观点，前边都没问题，使劲生尽量让自己的基因被表达和传播，但结论很怪，他说要生儿女一边多的最好，莫非蜂是一夫一妻制，怪了点。)

　　5

　　Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis.

　　H，注意到卵都是在宿主内发育——另一种昆虫的幼虫——而且新生的蜂成熟后立刻交配并离开，提出了一种相当有说服力的分析。

　　6

　　Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence.

　　既然每只幼虫只有一只雌蜂产卵，只生产一只雄蜂才最有利，因为这只雄蜂已经足够为它所有的姐妹提供精子。

　　(H哥的观点更合理，一只雄蜂已经足够用了，在保证有精子的情况下，雌蜂越多越能保证产生更多后代。)

　　7

　　Like Fisher,Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.

　　H和F都寻找一种进化论意义上的稳定策略，但H更进一步，他意识到自己是在寻找这样一种策略。

　　1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists

　　(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time

　　(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied

　　(C) sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable

　　(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the late development of strategy theory

　　(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species

　　选C。

　　他们都尝试解释为什么这些寄生蜂种群内有特定的性别比，且能保持这个比例稳定。

　　(For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply)

　　2. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?

　　□A How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?

　　□B Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?

　　□C What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?

　　不定项选择，有时候真的会选3个。

　　选B。

　　A在瞎聊显然没有。

　　关于C，其实我们知道C问题的相关信息，一个寄主内一只雄蜂，但因为不知道寄主内卵的总数，所以不能确定性别比。不能answer，所以不选C。

　　3. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage?

　　(A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm.

　　(B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larva of other insects.

　　(C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself.

　　(D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain.

　　(E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts until they reach sexual maturity.

　　选D。

　　其实我个人对E是不确定的，但由于D实在错的明显且单选。


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