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GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法(4)

2014-12-18 14:07:19来源:网络

  新东方在线为大家精心整理了GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法的相关内容,分享给大家,供大家参考,希望对大家有所帮助!

  GMAT/GRE阅读文章第四篇:

  Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature.

  Archaeology和literature之间的关系是什么?

  Archaeological finds有助于ancient literature

  Still这个词在这里的作用是?

  告诉我们考古学的作用之前重要,现在仍然很重要

  所以我们期待的下文应该是当代考古学和古代文学之间的一直以来的关系。

  提醒:still这个词是否在下文中被解释说明了?

  For example, forty years ago a survey of the early Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays would have started with The Suppliant Women.

  看到for example很开心,举例子的目的是在?

  解释说明前面一句话

  此句中那些部分是在解释说明上一句,即哪些有对应?

  Forty years ago对应still

  Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays=The Suppliant Women=ancient literature

  Many factors internal to the play, but perhaps most especially the prominence of the chorus (which in this play has the main role), led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works. The consensus was that here was a drama truly reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric.

  The Suppliant Women和考古学的关系是?

  很多人认为它是A这个人的早起作品。

  划线句子和上文的关系是?

  支持,解释说明

  Here was a drama,这里的drama指的是?

  The Suppliant Women

  哪些词是需要我们记下来的关于The Suppliant Women的特点?

  Consensus(反映了大家的一致观点),reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric

  The play was dated as early as the 490’s B.C., in any event , well before Aeschylus’ play The Persians of 472 B.C.

  The play指代的是?

  The Suppliant Women

  这里的两个时间(490’s B.C. VS 472 B.C.)对比,体现了上文的什么?

  led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works,认为The Suppliant Women是早期作品

  这里又出现了A 这个人的另一部作品The Persians,所以应当提醒自己下文是否出现了这两件作品的关系?

  Then, in 1952, a fragment of papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus was published stating the official circumstances and results of a dramatic contest.

  1952年可以作为我们的一个定位点。并且提示我们这里应该和什么产生关系了?

  考古学。

  划线部分是否和上文有关?暗示我们什么?

  有关系。

  Contest告诉我们观点要转折了,所以期待下面的观点(关于The Suppliant Women的年代)出现不一致的观点

  怎样体现了和文学之间的关系?继续往下看

  The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid tetralogy, of which The Suppliant Women is the opening play, and defeated Sophocles in the process.

  划线部分指代的是?

  上文的1952年出土的碎片。

  这里的Danaid tetralogy是全新的概念嘛?

  不是,和The Suppliant Women 有关系,包含。

  A这个人用Danaid tetralogy(以The Suppliant Women开篇的)赢得了第一个奖。打败了Sophocles

  思考,Sophocles应该是什么?

  跟dramatic contest有关系,即也属于ancient literature。

  这句话是对上一句的一个解释说明。

  Sophocles did not compete in any dramatic contest before 468 B.C., when he won his first victory. Hence, except by special pleading (e. g., that the tetralogy was composed early in Aeschylus’ career but not produced until the 460’s B.C.), the Danaid tetralogy must be put after 468 B.C.

  读到这,发现S是个人,那既然能和A比较,就有相似之处,应该都是写剧本的。

  S 这个人第一次参赛是在468 B.C.,也是在此时获得第一次成功。

  Danaid tetralogy打败了S这个人意味着什么?

  在此之前都是S一直位居第一,然后被拖下来了。

  所以作者在这里告诉我们,Danaid tetralogy肯定是在S赢得第一次胜利之后,也就是468 B.C.之后。

  In addition, a few letters in the fragment suggest the name Archedemides, archon in 463 B.C., thus perhaps tying the plays to that precise date, almost exactly halfway between Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. and his Oresteia.

  In addition提示我们这句话是顺承(递进)关系

  这里需要我们记下来的东西是463 B.C(一直做笔记,发现这篇文章的时间定位点很多,注意记录,每个时间点都发生了生么事情。)

  因为fragment里面提到了Archedemides这个名字(他是463B.C.的人物)所以也还原了这个剧作的准确时间。

  The play指代的是?

  The Suppliant Women

  根据此句话,The Suppliant Women出现的时间应该是?

  在Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. 和 his Oresteia之间。

  总结一下第一段的内容:一直以来我们认为A这个人的作品The Suppliant Women是属于他的早期作品的(490’s B.C.);但是出土的碎片展示了一些证据,质疑了这个观点:其实创作The Suppliant Women的年代没有我们想的那么早(大概是463B.C.)

  下面开始第二段

  The implication of the papyrus administered a severe shock to the vast majority of classical scholars, who had confidently asserted that not only the role of the chorus but also language, metrics, and characterization all pointed to an early date.

  这句话的主干是?

  The implication administered a shock

  The implication指代的是?

  The fragment of papyrus,出土的碎片所指示的时间点。

  这句话里的shock指代的是什么

  classical scholars所认为的 “pointed to an early date”,出土的碎片和古典学者所认为的时间上的不统一。后者认为chorus,language,metrics,和characterization都提示我们The Suppliant Women的时间比出土的碎片所指的时间更早

  所以这句话和第一段最后的观点的关系是?

  顺承,并未出现转折。出土的碎片使得那些认为The Suppliant Women是在490’s B.C.创作出来的人们大为震惊。

  The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays.

  The discovery指代的是?

  出土的fragment of papyrus

  chronological criterion是新概念嘛?

  不是,就是之前一直说的关于The Suppliant Women年代的确定。

  所以这句话仍然继续上问的话题,什么和什么之间的关系?

  考古学(出土的碎片)对于古文学的作用。

  碎片的发现使得我们要重新界定A的剧作的时间。

  The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread. The prominence of the chorus in The Suppliant Women now is seen not as a sign of primitivism but as analogous to the massive choral songs of the Oresteia.

  根据出土出来的碎片我们发现了The Suppliant Women和Oresteia的关系是?

  Analogous

  既然本篇文章都是要通过考古,来去确定The Suppliant Women的确切时间,根据analogous这个词我们可以大胆推测,应该是和Oresteia时期差不多的。这个观点在第一段的结尾已经被提出了。

  Statistics have been formulated, or reformulated, to show that stylistically The Suppliant Women does actually occupy a position after The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the “primitive” plays, and before the Oresteia.

  数据告诉我们The Suppliant Women是否是A 的早期作品?哪些词暗示我们了?

  不是。After The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the “primitive” plays.

  是在The Persians and Seven Against Thebes这个作品之后,早于Oresteia这个作品的。

  现在我们来看一下对于The Suppliant Women年代的确定:

  The Suppliant Women是继 The Persians and Seven Against Thebes之后的作品,而The Persians and Seven Against Thebes是遭遇Oresteia的。

  上一句中Oresteia和The Suppliant Women的关系是?

  Analogous的,时代是差不多的。

  所以我们可以发现The Persians and Seven Against Thebes是A的更早期的作品(早于The

  Suppliant Women)

  While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.

  While暗示我们这里将出现让步,让步之后必有?

  转折

  这句话的大概意思是?

  尽管好像看起来都已经有确凿的证据了。但是不好说以后还会出现什么。

  划线部分的another指代的是?

  Another papyrus fragment

  所以这句话告诉我们,尽管现在好像是已经确定了The Suppliant Women的创作日期,但说不定以后挖出了新的东西还会引起新一轮的困惑。

  Another may be unearthed和文章的哪个主题有关?

  Archaeology

  再次证明了ancient literature和什么有关系?

  Still考古学的作用将会是持续的。

  This is unlikely to happen, but it warns us that perhaps the most salutary feature of the papyrus scrap is its message of the extreme difficulty of classifying and categorizing rigidly the development of a creative artist.

  最后一句话又绕了回来,说不太可能发生。

  But闪到眼了,注意要有转折。

  Papyrus scrap这个词在全篇一直出现,等同与前文的?

  Papyrus fragment

  这里划线部分的warn是否有警告的意思?

  没有负面的情感色彩,仅仅是题型的意思。

  最后一句话告诉我们,仍然是考古学和古代文学有着密不可分的关系。

  以上就是新东方在线为大家总结的GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助,最后预祝大家在GRE考试中取得优异的成绩!

  ---本文节选自新东方在线论坛


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