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GRE阅读模拟在线练习附答案二百八十四

2019-05-20 16:16:20来源:网络

  对于GRE阅读部分,最好的练习资料就是模拟资料。通过模拟练习,可以让大家更好地发现自己在备考中的不足,重点攻克自己的短板内容,有效的提升阅读分数。下面新东方在线GRE频道为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考。

点击查看》》》【GRE阅读真题在线练习附答案汇总】

  Present-day philosophers usually envision theirdiscipline as an endeavor that has been, sinceantiquity, distinct from and superior to anyparticular intellectual discipline, such astheology or science. Such philosoph- ical concernsas the mind-body problem or, more generally, thenature of human knowledge they believe, are basichuman questions whose tentative philosophicalsolutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectualspeculation has rested.

  The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection ofmodern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called "philosophy," distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, onclose examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century, Descartesand Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modernphilosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering "thewarfare between science and theology." They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open theintellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiasticalphilosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but ofresearch in mathematics and physics. This link between philosophical interests and scientificpractice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power overscholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophyfrom both.

  The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the earlynineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy's core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something. Modern philosophers now tracethat notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated untilthe late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academicinstitutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenthcentury. Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modernscience is hard to imagine. Metaphysics, philosophy's traditional core-considered as the mostgeneral description of how the heavens and the earth are put together-had been renderedalmost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics. Kant, however, byfocusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics withepistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as "queen of sciences" into thenew notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline. Philosophy became"primary" no longer in the sense of "highest" but in the sense of "underlying." After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth-and eighteenth-century thinkers asattempting to discover "How is our knowledge possible?" and to project this question back evenon the ancients.

  Which of the following best expresses the author's main point?

  A.Philosophy's overriding interest in basic human questions is a legacy primarily of the workof Kant.

  B.Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science andreligion.

  C.The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constantsince antiquity.

  D.The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recentdevelopment.

  E.The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped byscience.

  According to the passage, present-day philosophers believe that the mind-bodyproblem is an issue that

  A.has implications primarily for philosophers

  B.may be affected by recent advances in science

  C.has shaped recent work in epistemology

  D.has little relevance to present-day philosophy

  E.has served as a basis for intellectual speculation since antiquity

  According to the author, philosophy became distinct from science and theology duringthe

  A.ancient period

  B.medieval period

  C.seventeenth century

  D.nineteenth century

  E.twentieth century

  The author suggests that Descartes' support for the new science of the seventeenthcentury can be characterized as

  A.pragmatic and hypocritical

  B.cautious and inconsistent

  C.daring and opportunistic

  D.intense but fleeting

  E.strong but prudent

  The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing thedevelopment of philosophy during the nineteenth century?

  A.Nineteenth-century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases ofknowledge.

  B.The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormouslyduring the nineteenth century.

  C.Nineteenth-century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out byDescartes and Spinoza.

  D.Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth-century philosophy.

  E.Nineteenth-century philosophy made major advances in understanding the nature ofknowledge.

  With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would theauthor of the passage be most likely to agree?

  A.History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individuals.

  B.History should not be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historicalfigures.

  C.History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the present.

  D.History should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most fromthose of the present.

  E.History should be examined for the lessons it can provide in understanding current problems.

  The primary function of the passage as a whole is to

  A.compare two competing models

  B.analyze a difficult theory

  C.present new evidence for a theory

  D.correct an erroneous belief by describing its origins

  E.resolve a long-standing theoretical controversy

  正确答案:D E D E D B D

  以上就是关于“GRE阅读模拟在线练习附答案二百八十四”的内容,更多精彩内容,请关注GRE频道!

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