GRE阅读模拟在线练习附答案二百八十

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　　Some recent historians have argued that life in theBritish colonies in America from approximately1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflictsamong colonists. Inheritors of some of theviewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressivehistorians such as Beard and Becker, these recenthistorians have put forward arguments that deserveevaluation.

　　The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with theRevolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within thatlarger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of thesehistorians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyaliststhan joined the rebels.) looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contentionthat lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort againstBritain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one oranother class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to removesocioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, amongthose who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented suchdisputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid-though recentstatistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the centuryprogressed-that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categoriessuch as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort." Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility betweenrecognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, therewere very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.

　　Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the furtherclaim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The"Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of thewidespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or stategovernments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existedbeneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict-whichalso existed between North and South-deserves further investigation.

　　In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize ineighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensusamong the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding theconflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

　　The author suggests which of the following about the representativeness of colonialor state governments in America from 1763 to 1789?

　　A.The governments inadequately represented the interests of people in western regions.

　　B.The governments more often represented class interests than sectional interests.

　　C.The governments were less representative than they had been before 1763

　　D.The governments were dominated by the interests of people of an upper socioeconomic class.

　　E.The governments of the northern colonies were less representative than were thegovernments of the southern colonies.

　　According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about sectionalconflicts in America between 1763 and 1789?

　　A.These conflicts were instigated by eastern interests against western settlers.

　　B.These conflicts were the most serious kind of conflict in America.

　　C.The conflicts eventually led to openly expressed class antagonism.

　　D.These conflicts contained an element of class hostility.

　　E.These conflicts were motivated by class conflicts.

　　It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agreewith which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support forthe rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?

　　A.Identifying a person's socioeconomic class is the least accurate method of ascertaining whichside that person supported.

　　B.Identifying a person as a member of the rebel or of the Loyalist side does not necessarilyreveal that person's particular socioeconomic class.

　　C.Both the rebel and the Loyalist sides contained members of all socioeconomic classes, although there were fewer disputes among socioeconomic classes on the Loyalist side.

　　D.Both the rebel and the Loyalist sides contained members of all socioeconomic classes, although the Loyalist side was made up primarily of members of the upper classes.

　　E.Both the rebel and the Loyalist sides contained members of all socioeconomic classes, although many upper-class rebels eventually joined the Loyalists.

　　The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with which of thefollowing statements about the social structure of eighteenth-century Americansociety?

　　I. It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility.

　　II. It permitted greater economic opportunity prior to 1750 than after 1750.

　　III. It did not contain rigidly defined socioeconomic divisions.

　　IV. It prevented economic disputes from arising among members of the society.

　　A.I and IV only

　　B.II and III only

　　C.III and IV only

　　D.I, II, and III only

　　E.I, II, III, and IV

　　The author most likely refers to “historians such as Beard and Becker” (lines 5-6) inorder to

　　A.isolate the two historians whose work is most representative of the viewpoints ofProgressive historians

　　B.emphasize the need to find connections between recent historical writing and the work ofearlier historians

　　C.make a case for the importance of the views of the Progressive historians concerningeighteenth-century American life

　　D.suggest that Progressive historians were the first to discover the particular internalconflicts in eighteenth-century American life mentioned in the passage

　　E.point out historians whose views of history anticipated some of the views of the recenthistorians mentioned in the passage

　　According to the passage, Loyalism during the American Revolutionary War servedthe function of

　　A.eliminating the disputes that existed among those colonists who supported the rebel cause

　　B.drawing upper, as opposed to lower, socioeconomic classes away from the rebel cause

　　C.tolerating the kinds of socioeconomic discontent that were not allowed to exist on the rebelside

　　D.channeling conflict that existed within a socioeconomic class into the war effort against therebel cause

　　E.absorbing members of socioeconomic groups on the rebel side who felt themselves incontention with members of other socioeconomic groups

　　The author considers the contentions made by the recent historians discussed in thepassage to be

　　A.potentially verifiable

　　B.partially justified

　　C.logically contradictory

　　D.ingenious but flawed

　　E.capricious and unsupported

　　正确答案:A D B B E E B

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