选课中心
7099人选课
GRE公开讲座
0元
GMAT公开讲座
0元
一对一体验课
99元
GRE模考网站
10000人
托福TPO模考网站HOT
39209人预约
GRE辅导课程
17537 人
GMAT辅导课程
17537 人
托福辅导课程
17537 人
【定制】1v1
私人订制
资料下载
考前冲刺
扫码关注掌握一手留学资讯
回复XDF免费领
水平测试和备考资料
扫码关注公众号
对于GRE阅读部分,最好的练习资料就是模拟资料。通过模拟练习,可以让大家更好地发现自己在备考中的不足,重点攻克自己的短板内容,有效的提升阅读分数。下面新东方在线GRE频道为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考。
The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals,the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.
The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention-that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.
The elements of intelligence and con-sciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it,but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, innerdirected, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard's instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds-and yesterday's unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.
The author is primarily concerned with
A.disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivores
B.describing a relationship between animals' intelligence and their ecological roles
C.establishing a direct link between early large mammals and their modern counterparts
D.analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores
E.demonstrating the importance of hormones in mental activity
The author refers to a hungry lizard (lines 68-69) primarily in order to
A.demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of nonmammals
B.broaden the application of his argument by including an insectivore as an example
C.make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness
D.provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators
E.offer an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness
It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage
A.past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival
B.attention is more highly focused
C.muscular coordination is less highly developed
D.there is less need for competition among species
E.environment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator
The sensitivity described in lines 70-76 is most clearly an example of
A.free-floating awareness (lines 20-21)
B.flooding of impulses in the brain stem (lines 36-37)
C.the holding of consistent images (lines 39-40)
D.integration of details with perceived ends and purposes (lines 45-47)
E.silk-thin veils of tranquility (lines 80-81)
The author's attitude toward the mammals discussed in the passage is best described as
A.superior and condescending
B.lighthearted and jocular
C.apologetic and conciliatory
D.wistful and tender
E.respectful and admiring
The author provides information that would answer which of the following questions?
I. Why is an aroused herbivore usually fearful?
II. What are some of the degrees of attention in large mammals?
III. What occurs when the stimulus that causes arousal of a mammal is removed?
A.I only
B.III only
C.I and II only
D.II and III only
E.I, II and III
According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?
A.Interplay of predator and prey
B.Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of the grasslands
C.Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles
D.Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species
E.Improvement of the capacity for memory among herbivores and carnivores
According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of the following may occur EXCEPT
A.the production of adrenaline
B.the production of norepinephrine
C.a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli
D.an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli
E.an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem
资料下载
GRE佛脚2024增补包含最新热词与六选二整理
发布时间:2022-06-06添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE-PPO模考完整套题+解析资料下载
发布时间:2022-06-06添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE佛脚词汇表网络版资料下载
发布时间:2022-05-21添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
2024GRE佛脚填空机经系列资料下载
发布时间:2022-04-15添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
2024GRE佛脚阅读系列资料下载
发布时间:2022-04-15添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
2024杨鹏阅读难句(GMAT+GRE)教程资料下载
发布时间:2022-04-15添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE PPO模考完整练习题(答案)
发布时间:2019-12-10添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE写作题库解析【Issue/Argument】
发布时间:2019-12-10添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE阅读机经及官方真题资料练习
发布时间:2019-12-10关注新东方在线美研订阅号
回复【GRE】获取
GRE填空机经佛脚系列资料持续更新…
发布时间:2019-12-10添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE佛脚词汇修订版PDF电子版下载
发布时间:2019-12-10添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
【提升英语必看】英语记录片/演讲/美剧合集
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
《华尔街日报》、《纽约时报》英文报刊合集
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
【必看】美国研究生申请注意事项
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
美国研究生录取分数&截止日期信息汇总
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
2020美国研究生热门专业院校排名
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GRE模考套题、机经汇总
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加美研助教号,
回复【GRE】获取备考必看资料包
推荐阅读
更多>>备考GRE,对大部分同学来说也是一个新挑战,尤其是阅读部分,如何在有限的时间内大幅提高阅读速度呢? 快来本文看看吧。
本文今天为大家带来的是gre考试中easy等级难度的阅读片段,一起来看看吧!
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(六)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(五)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(四)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(三)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(二)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年3月13-19日GRE阅读题回忆及答案(一)来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年2月13日GRE阅读题回忆及答案来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
2022年2月13日GRE阅读题回忆及答案来啦,来本文和新东方在线GRE一起来看看详细信息吧。
添加美研助教号,
回复【GRE】获取备考必看资料包
资料下载
更多>>添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
关注新东方在线美研订阅号
回复【GRE】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方在线美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
阅读排行榜
相关内容