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GRE阅读模拟在线练习附答案八十二

2018-07-04 16:05:44来源：网络

　　为了辅助大家更好地备考GRE阅读考试，新东方在线整理了一些模拟练习题供大家练习，这样能够帮助大家更好地理解阅读考试内容，辅助大家熟练的掌握解题的技巧等等。详细的内容如下：

点击查看》》》【GRE阅读真题在线练习附答案汇总】

　　Four legal approaches may be followed in attempting to channel technological development in socially useful directions: specific directives. market incentive modifications, criminal prohibitions. and changes in decision- making structures. Specific directives involve the government's identifying one or more factors controlling research, development, or implementation of a given technology. Directives affecting such factors may vary from administrative regulation of private activity to government ownership of a technological operation. Market incentive modifications are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and implementation of technology are made. Such modifications may consist of imposing taxes to cover the costs to society of a given technology, granting subsidies to pay for social benefits of a technology, creating the right to sue to prevent certain technological development. or easing procedural rules to enable the recovery of damages to compensate for harm caused by destructive technological activity. Criminal prohibitions may modify technological activity in areas impinging on fundament social values. or they may modify human behavior likely to result from technological applications—for example, the deactivation of automotive pollution control devices in order to improve vehicle performance. Alteration of decision-making structures includes all possible modifications in the authority, constitution, or responsibility of private and public entities deciding questions of technological development and implementation. Such alterations include the addition of public-interest members to corporate boards, the imposition by statute of duties on governmental decision-makers, and the extension of warranties in response to consumer action.

　　Effective use of these methods to control technology depends on whether or not the goal of regulation is the optimal allocation of resources, When the object is optimal resource allocation. that combination of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocation that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs, when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to include some costs to anyone, that result from the production and use of the goods. Such costs are internalized when buyers pay them.

　　Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposes to it, in the form of soiling. materials damage, and disease, price on air, thus making it a free good, common to all, Such externalities lead to nonoptimal resource allocation, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not often identical. If all externalities were internalized, transactions would occur until were internalized transactions would occur until bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optimal allocation of resources at a given time.

　　The passage is primarily concerned with describing

　　A.objectives and legal methods for directing technological development

　　B.technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity

　　C.economic procedures for facilitating transactions between buyers and sellers

　　D.reasons for slowing technological development in light of environmentalist objections

　　E.technological innovations making it possible to achieve optimum allocation of resources

　　The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in line 73 in order to

　　A.revise cost estimates calculated by including the costs of resources

　　B.evaluate legal methods used to prevent technological developments

　　C.give examples of costs not included in buyer-seller bargains

　　D.refute hypotheses not made on the basis of monetary exchange values

　　E.commend technological research undertaken for the common welfare

　　According to the passage, transactions between private buyers and sellers have effects on society that generally

　　A.are harmful when all factors are considered

　　B.give rise to ever-increasing resource costs

　　C.reflect an optimal allocation of natural resources

　　D.encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone

　　E.are guided by legal controls on the development of technology

　　正确答案:A C D

　　以上就是关于“GRE阅读模拟在线练习附答案八十二”的内容，更多精彩内容，请关注GRE频道!


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