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GRE阅读题目解析:亚马逊河流域前现代社群

2017-12-12 08:55:00来源：网络

　　P43

　　1

　　Meggers argued that agriculture depends on extracting nutrients from soils into edible crops, so premodern societies in Amazonia could never grow large because underlying soils are impoverished.

　　M 指出，农业依赖于庄稼从土壤中吸收营养物质，所以亚马逊河流域的前现代社群永远无法壮大，因为当地土壤贫瘠。

　　2

　　In Meggers’ view the population size that a culture could reach depended upon the agricultural potential of its environment.

　　在 M 看来，一种文化能滋养的最大人口，受其所在环境的农业潜力约束。

　　3

　　Meggers accepted that fish and turtle resources of the Amazon made possible the long riverside villages the explorer Orellana described in 1542, but she dismissed as exaggerated Carvajal’s estimates of tens of thousands of people in those settlements, and she was sure those settlements did not have inland counterparts.

　　M 同意亚马逊河的鱼和龟作为一种食物来源，可能哺育了狭长河岸地区的村落，正如探索者 O 在 1542 年描述的那样，但她不同意 C 认为这些定居点人口已经上万的估计，认为这种估计过于夸张了，她也确信内陆地区没有类似规模的定居点。

　　4

　　Supporting this point, the Omagua, a riverbank people and one of the greatest chiefdoms observed by Carvajal as a member of Orellana’s expedition, regarded hinterland forests as unpopulated wilderness.

　　河岸地区的 Om 族人，同时是 C 研究过的 O 长途考察中最大的酋长统领地区之一，认为内陆林地是无人活动的荒野，这也印证了 M 的观点。

　　(

　　酋长领地 [chiefdom]

　　社会政治组织的形式，在此组织中一个人(或一群人)对许多群体行使政治和经济的权力。它意味着牺牲地方和自治团体的利益把权力和权限集中起来。在西非或波利尼西亚建立的那些酋长领地里，政治权威与经济权力是不可分割的，包括统治者索取贡赋和税收的权利。酋长领地头目们的一个主要经济活动就是促进经济盈余的生产，然后他们在各种场合把盈余重新分配给他们的臣民。参阅社会文化演化(sociocultural evolution)。

　　(大英袖珍百科)

　　hinterland 内陆地区，内地，腹地)

　　1. In the context of the passage the highlighted sentence serves to

　　A. explain the broader rationale for a conclusion described in the preceding sentence

　　B. suggest some of the drawbacks of the riverbank location of the villages described in the following sentence

　　C. acknowledge information that appears to undermine a description attributed to Orellana

　　D. introduce a principle that appears to be contradicted by the agricultural development of premodern Amazonia

　　E. give a reason for an upward revision in earlier estimates for premodern Amazonia

　　选 A

　　rationale 根本原因，基本原理

　　2. From the passage it can be inferred that Omagua depended on

　　A. overland transport to communicate between villages

　　B. foraging inland to obtain foodstuffs not available locally

　　C. some form of fertilization to boost agricultural production

　　D. fish and turtles for at least part of their diet

　　E. trade with other peoples for some raw materials

　　选 D

　　让我们根据文段对 Om 做一些推测，首先 Om 出现在句 4：

　　Supporting this point, the Omagua, a riverbank people and one of the greatest chiefdoms observed by Carvajal as a member of Orellana’s expedition, regarded hinterland forests as unpopulated wilderness.

　　根据 C 和 O 以及 M 对 Om 都有涉及，我们把范围扩大到句 3：

　　Meggers accepted that fish and turtle resources of the Amazon made possible the long riverside villages the explorer Orellana described in 1542, but she dismissed as exaggerated Carvajal’s estimates of tens of thousands of people in those settlements, and she was sure those settlements did not have inland counterparts.

　　综合两部分内容，选 D。

　　A 在村落间做横跨大陆的贸易运输。鬼扯。

　　B 去内陆收集本地没有的食物。未知信息，文中只能判断 Om 人认为内陆没有人定居，至于他们自己去不去找食物，无法判断。

　　C 用某种肥料给农作物增产。哈哈，欢乐的鬼扯。

　　E 与其他民族或部族进行原材料贸易。下一段。

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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