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GRE阅读模拟练习题(226)

2017-05-18 09:35:00来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家练习GRE阅读题考点，新东方在线GRE频道为大家带来GRE阅读模拟练习题一文，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GRE频道!

　　Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative to men as they move up the organizational ladder in business. This proposition, which we term the increasing-disadvantage model, is a core element of the popular glass ceiling metaphor. Despite continued widespread public acceptance of the glass ceiling idea and some consistent findings, most research to date has failed to support the increasingdisadvantage model. Indeed, several studies based on private-sector firms find that women’s mobility prospects improve, rather than decline, as they climb upward in corporatehierarchies. In the public sector, researchers have found either no sex differences in mobility or a larger female disadvantage in lower grades.

　　Comparing cross-sectional national samples of workers, Baxter and Wright found no evidence in the United States, and only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that women’s probability of being located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to men’s at higher levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the glass ceiling may be a myth. Women’s scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels.

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　A：compare two explanations for a recurring problem

　　B：summarize evidence relevant to a hypothesis

　　C：point out inconsistencies in a set of findings

　　D：account for the persistence of a point of view

　　E：reconsider the origins an ongoing issue

　　答案：B

　　2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “limited evidence” from Sweden and Australia?

　　A：It lends support to the increasing-disadvantage model

　　B：It correlates with findings on women’s mobility from most other countries.

　　C：It suggests important cultural similarities between these countries.

　　D：It points to a phenomenon not widely recognized in these countries.

　　E：It helps explain the persistence of the glass ceiling.

　　答案：A

　　3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following?

　　A：Lower down on the organizational ladder

　　B：Women experience no more disadvantages in moving up the organizational ladder than do men

　　C：The degree of disadvantage experienced by women remains constant as women move up the organizational ladder

　　D：The obstacles to women’s advancement vary significantly from country to country

　　E：Women face some disadvantage at each stage of the organizational ladder

　　答案：E

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