GRE写作思路解析(48)

　　本文整理关于GRE写作话题的提纲，为考生提供作文思路和写作方法指导。希望对大家有所帮助。以下是GRE写作思路解析(48)。

　　GRE写作题目：

　　48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant 62　events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of　people whose identities have long been forgotten."

　　GRE写作思路解析及提纲："

　　48 不同意

　　1、承认重要历史人物对发展的推动作用

　　Consider the famous and preeminent polician-Nelson Mandela-the first president with black skin in

　　South Africa, for accomplish his ideal-the equlity between black people and white people, he had

　　never stopped striving with the enforced government. After his imprisonment life for 27 years, his

　　dream became true. His great ideas to a huge extent changed people's attitudes and values toward

　　the political mechanism and racial equality, without his leadership, we cannot prospect such a

　　democracy and equal society in South Africa.

　　2、重要历史人物比群众更具有研究价值

　　wise idea; strong conviction; clear vision;representative; learn from

　　ride the wave of ; be influenced by;without, not do so; impossible to study all Martin Luther King

　　3、当然也不可忽视群众的作用

　　the bulb which lumined every corner throughout the world, however, cannot bring such a great impact

　　without other noteless persons. Without the manufacturers who provide him the raw materials such

　　as the glass, the extremely thin wire of tungsten, the foundation of his experiments would not exists.

　　Also without the workers, the patent protectors, the salesmen, and the consumers, his invention

　　cannot be applied into practicality, produced by large quantities and availing to every family from

　　different countries.

　　[BEGIN:] There are two sides to every icon. Experts in history regard those famous figures as the

　　significant clue in the study of history, while some other persons argue that the historians should place

　　much more attention on the groups of people because the human history has been formed by the

　　mass of all the concrete behaviors of all the individuals. It is hard to conclude which statement above

　　is better than the other; however, constructing a balance on the research subjects of the history study

　　is not only important but also necessary.

　　1、 普通人重要

　　No one can deny the crucial roles of public in the evolution of human civilization. It is the efforts of

　　a large number of the common people that make it possible for those elite few to achieve the

　　significant change in the progress of human society. For example, most of revolutionary which

　　aimed at overthrow the old governments or obsolescent institutions, though modern people

　　always only remember the few leaders of it, are made by a large amount of common people who

　　may have no definite inclination on crude behaviors. Therefore, the people attending make the

　　leaders to fulfill the final goal.

　　2、 名人重要

　　Though the few elites only take a small numbers in the historical events, they are the only people

　　who have further understanding of the contemporary social condition and possess the capability to

　　lead the large scale action. Some of them received the good education and have a clear

　　recognition of the entire situation, and most important, can use the newspaper and numerous

　　ways of media to propagandize their views and awaken common people's resent about the current

　　dominators or present living conditions. For most of the historians, only through the orientations

　　and articles which is made by the famous figures can they find the complete cause and effect about

　　one event. In addition, the elites also shares some features with the common people and also can

　　be regarded as the presenters of the majority of contemporary people. For one thing, the leaders

　　are after all human beings, people like the others, and only difference between these famous

　　figures and common people is that the former have more conscience and courage than the latter.

　　So, research the few elites can quickly catch the real essence of the events.

　　3、 过分强调少数名人的作用不好：

　　The overemphasizing of the few elites also may have adverse effect on the study of the history. 63

　　First of all, it is impossible for the famous figures that can presents the situation of contemporary

　　community or group of people to shows every aspects of the society. Most of the accidents or

　　events are caused by few problems which may intensively hampered the interest of the common

　　people or some group of persons. For this reason, the study of the celebrities can only provide the

　　researchers with the general view about one issue in the first stage of the study. By contrast, the

　　research work base on the common people, though sometimes seem to very trivial, can indicate

　　the detail information of some particular group in the society.

　　[END:] In sum, both the common people and famous figures are very important in the study of history

　　and only through the research work base on these two groups can historians to get the complete

　　information of the history.

　　ISSUE48

　　历史研究过分注重个人而没有关注那些普通人

　　1 诚然，如果没有人民群众，历史的确不可能成为可能。举例：任何一次变革都需要人民群众的参与，没有群众，

　　中国的抗日战争不可能胜利，这次战争中诞生了无数的无名英雄，历史需要铭记他们;另外，历史上的很多重大发

　　现都是许多人努力的结果，比如

　　2 然而，作者所说的历史不是由 the famous few创造的我不能认同。因为 the famous few 在历史进程中起到

　　了极为重要的作用。比如说，二战中的罗斯福的美国参战的决定，使得战争迅速结束。试想，如果当初没有这个决

　　定，即使有几百万的同盟国 allied countries 军队作战，结果会怎么样呢??在这个例子中，一个人的决定改变了

　　历史的进程。在科学领域更是如此，Faraday 的电动机直接把人类社会带入了电力时代，the famous few改变了

　　人类的历史，没有这两个极为重要的理论做基础，更多的 groups 又怎么可能创造出众多的发明以及创新的思想呢?

　　3 我们研究历史的时候应该在肯定人民群众贡献的同时，强调对重要历史人物的研究。因为重要历史人物在历史上

　　总是一个时代的重要标志，比如研究林肯即可以了解他在位时美国的社会状况以及重大历史事件，因为那个时期的

　　美国重大事件几乎都与他有关，研究拿破仑可以了解那个时代的法国以及欧洲甚至资产阶级与封建势力的斗争，而

　　研究 groups则没用。历史是由一些曲折的线段组成的，而 the famous few总是站在这些线段的交点上，所以对

　　他们进行研究可以更清楚的了解历史的趋势。

　　4 如果说人类社会是在历史长河中前进的一条船，那么人民群众就是水手而the famous few就是船长，他们共同

　　创造了历史，都应该被铭记。没有水手这条船固然不会行驶，更糟的是没有船长就没有领导也没有方向，显然，船

　　长的作用更重要，也许这就是为什么他的名字会被历史所铭记。

　　对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发展趋势不是由个别名人决定的，而是

　　由那些已经被人们淡忘的社会群体所创造的。

　　不同意

　　The speaker claims that significant historical events and trends are made possible by groups of people

　　rather than individuals, and that the study of history should emphasize the former instead of the latter.

　　I tend to disagree with both aspects of this claim.

　　很多是由历史关键任务引发或者领导的。他们有特定的权利去决定战争;重要的是他们有凝聚力和号召力：

　　比如：印度甘地;马丁同学;林肯同学

　　比如：美国有总统一票否决权;是个人行为 pocket veto 总统否决权

　　比如：孔子，是个人行为，建立学校，著书立说

　　学习历史人物能有大收获：历史个人往往有很特别的特质，或者代表性那个年代。

　　特质：马丁，对理想的追求

　　苏个拉地：哲学的起源，古希腊的文明

　　摸杂特：宗教，皇室的影响，艺术家当时的困境

　　从谁的“大卫”，对人体的美的标准的流行，Venus of Medici，David 后来“囚徒啊雕塑”，社会的抗争，不满，后

　　来“文艺复兴”，对个人的性格 Michelangelo 掷铁饼者?

　　研习一两个人的作品，可以看到各个时代的特点，可以综观历史的变化。

　　不要过分，要承认劳苦大众的作用：

　　如果没有他们，没力量，社会变革不会出现;

　　没有他们默默支持，历史人物不会被突出; 64

　　当代政党要充分意识到，当权者，要听大众的意见，他们是决定社会趋势的人。

　　48【题目】

　　The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends

　　in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have

　　long been forgotten.

　　【翻译】

　　历史研究过于关注个人。历史上最有意义的事件和潮流能够成为可能不是因为几个少数的名人而是一些身份早就被

　　淡忘的人群。

　　【提纲】

　　(1)同意观点。

　　(2)历史研究确实过于关注个人，翻开历史书籍，会看到很多的关于名人的传记，人们也常常将一项成功归功于少

　　数名人。这样有一定好处：给人们树立榜样，鼓舞人心。但是也有很多坏处，尤其是在现在社会，因为过分关注个

　　人，容易给人们灌输个人英雄主义的意识，但在现代的强调合作的社会，英雄主义已经不能适用。

　　(3)历史上最有意义的事件和潮流绝大部分是因为一些普通的人，而那些少数的名人只是代表。从历史上的革命运

　　动来看，如果没有广泛的群众基础，是不可能有革命的成功的。从现代的改革来看， 虽然发起人是少数的名人，但

　　是一定是改革被广大人民接受，才能使改革进行下去。

　　48.历史太注重 the famous few

　　一、确实大众是主体，政治领域;但在 science 和艺术则不是。 而且 famous few 可以起到 guide的作用

　　二、在政治领域正确 I concede that in political field, masses, not a few famous leaders, are

　　part-and-parcel of any activities.

　　1.多数人才是主体

　　2.有人会说是伟大的领袖 Gandhi，King，Mao.但实际是history’s huge wheels and rational selection，没

　　有他们照样能实现，虽然 tougher

　　3. 而且 sweep 社会变革也需要群众参与和支撑

　　三、但在科学，个人才是主要的

　　1.研究的难处，不是每个人都可以克服

　　2.虽然Curie没发现镭，镭也会被发现，但仍然是 individually

　　四、艺术 truer

　　1.艺术的创作条件, 一群人打破灵感

　　2.不能被理解 Vincent Van Gogh

　　五、famous few 还有好处 Another benefit of emphasizing key individuals involves the famous few can

　　encourage and inspire other people of the society.

　　1.Children set role models，

　　2. 引导、启发

　　2.Group ,not effective and simple to follow, 特征 vague and blurred

　　48T "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and

　　trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities

　　have long been forgotten." 48. 对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发

　　展趋势不是由个别名人决定的，而可能是由那些已经被人们淡忘的人制造的

　　constructing a balance on the research subjects of the history study is not only important but also

　　necessary

　　① 普通人重要 如：金字塔 pyramid, the great wall、revolutions

　　② 名人重要，A 可以清楚地看出事件的来龙去脉 B 他们也是普通人，也体现了社会思潮 ethos. It is natural, 65

　　however, for historians to do so, or from another aspect, they have to.

　　③ 选取名人也是不得已的做法，因为资料的可得性。Lacking of sufficient materials is another problem.