2015年GRE考试阅读理解每日练-20

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　　Exercise 16

　　Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following reading passage.

　　One advantage of breeding African bees with other bee types (Africanization) may be resistance to the para- sitic mite Varroa jacobsoni, a major threat to modern Line beekeeping. In parts of Europe, this mite is devastating honeybees and killing many colonies despite preventive measures by beekeepers. But in Brazil Varroa jacobsoni has been present in Africanized bees since 1972 without the loss of a single colony, even though beekeepers there undertook no preventive measures. The mites lay eggs within the brood cells of immature bees, and developing mites feed on the hemolymph (blood) of bee pupae. But fewer mites reproduce in Africanized bees than in European bees. Some researchers point out that this resistance may be related to the Africanized worker bee's shorter development period, which prevents some mites from reaching maturity. Recently the mite has become a serious problem in colonies of European bees in North America. Africanization of these bees may be the best safeguard against this parasite.

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　1. The author cites all of the following as evidence that Africanized bees' resistance to Varroa jacobsoni is superior to that of European bees:

　　□ A Varroa jacobsoni is killing many bee colonies in Europe.

　　□ B Beekeepers in Brazil have not used preventive measures to protect their colonies.

　　□ C At least some European bee colonies have been saved by preventive measures.

　　2. Select the sentence that indicates one possible reason the Africanized bees in Brazil have successfully resisted Varroa jacobsoni .

　　3. The author's argument regarding the resistance of Africanized bees to Varroa jacobsoni would be most weakened if which of the following were true?

　　○ A The bees in Brazil were resistant before being Africanized.

　　○ B The number of bee colonies in North American increased dramatically whereas the number in Brazil remained unchanged.

　　○ C Mites found in European bees reproduce at a faster rate than mites of identical species found in the bees in Brazil.

　　○ D Africanized bees retain many of the characteris- tics of European bees.

　　○ E Bee colonies in Europe continue to produce greater quantities of honey than do those in Brazil.

　　Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following reading passage.

　　Innovative as it is, Luis Valdez' acto owes much to the theater traditions or other periods and regions. Like early Spanish American religious dramas, secular folk dramas, Line and the Mexican carpas of a somewhat later period, actos are usually performed outdoors by traveling groups of players or by local theater groups. The improvised comic satire of the actos is often attributed to Valdez' study of the Italian commedia dell' arte of the sixteenth century, although some critics see it as a direct reflection of the comic and improvisational qualities of the more contemporary and local carpas of Mexican theater. The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez‘ immediate source: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dell'arte troupes on tour in Spain.

　　4. Which of the following best describes the author's evaluation of the views of the critics?

　　(A) Their views, if correct, do not preclude the existence of an Italian influence on the acto.

　　(B) Their views are unlikely to be correct, given the differences existing between Mexican and Mexican American theater.

　　(C) Their views concerning the Mexican carpa are essentially correct, but they lackfamiliarity with the acto.

　　(D) Their views are probably more correct than the views of those who have attributed the comic and improvisational elements of the acto to earlier sources.

　　(E) Their views betray a lack of familiarity with the commedia dell'arte.

　　5. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument concerning the debt of the acto to the theater traditions of other periods and regions?

　　(A) Many popular forms of theater rely heavily on improvisation.

　　(B) Plays resembling the acto in structure were written in the 1970's by West African playwrights who are interested in dramatizing the richness of their own cultures.

　　(C) The use of masks has, at one time or another, been characteristic of the theater traditions of almost all cultures, even those most isolated from outside influences.(源于www.xiaoma.com)

　　(D) During a strike, it is common for union members to present musical skits dramatizing the values of solidarity and resistance.

　　(E) Before 1965 Luis Valdez had attended many performances of traditional Mexican theater groups touring the western United States.

　　Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following reading passage.

　　The appreciation of traditional oral American Indian literature has been limited, hampered by poor translations and by the difficulty, even in the rare culturally sensitive Line and aesthetically satisfying translation, of completely conveying the original's verse structure, tone, and syntax. By writing in English and experimenting with European literary forms, contemporary American Indian writers have broadened their potential audience, while clearly retaining many essential characteristics of their ancestral oral traditions. For example, Pulitzer-prize-winning author N. Scott Momaday's poetry often treats art and mortality in a manner that recalls British romantic poetry, while his poetic response to the power of natural forces recalls Cherokee oral literature. Similarly, his novels, an art form European in origin, display an eloquence that echoes the oratorical grandeur of the great nineteenth- century American Indian chiefs.

　　6. Which of the following is most likely one of the reasons that the author mentions the work of N. Scott Momaday?

　　(A) To illustrate how the author believes that some American Indian writers have broadened their potential audience

　　(B) To emphasize the similarities between Momaday's writings and their European literary models

　　(C) To demonstrate the contemporary appeal of traditional Native American oral literature

　　(D) To suggest that contemporary American Indian writers have sacrificed traditional values for popular literary success

　　(E) To imply the continuing popularity of transla- tions of oral American Indian literature

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about written translations of oral Native American poetry?

　　□ A They were often made by writers who were intimately familiar with both English and Native American languages.

　　□ B They were less widely read than are the works of contemporary Native American poets writing in English.

　　□ C They were less dependent on European literary models than are the works of contemporary Native American poets writing in English.

　　Question 8 is based on the following reading passage.

　　Both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of Line either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. Brown's results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed. One can infer from Brown's results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.

　　8. A study of the practices of financial institutions that revealed no discrimination against self-employed women would tend to contradict which of the following?

　　(A) Some tentative results of Fuchs's study

　　(B) Some explicit results of Brown's study

　　(C) A suggestion made by the author

　　(D) Fuchs's hypothesis

　　(E) Sanborn's hypothesis

　　Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.

　　If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic, as they were by some "scientistic" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard; for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that it goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances-real or fictional-that are similar to our own circumstances.(www.xiaoma.com)

　　9. The passage suggests that the disparagement of rhetoric by some people can be traced to their

　　(A) reaction against science

　　(B) lack of training in logic

　　(C) desire to persuade people as completely as possible

　　(D) misunderstanding of the use of the term "scientistic"

　　(E) view of human motivation

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　10. Which of the following states the author's main point about logical argument?

　　□ A It is a sterile, abstract discipline, of little use in real life.

　　□ B It is an essential element of persuasive discourse, but only one such element.

　　□ C It is essential to persuasive discourse because it deals with universal truths.

　　Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following reading passage.

　　When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten Line nonmetallic glass-forming materials, when cooled, do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid--an amorphous structure. At room temperature, the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure, which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystal line structure, whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure.

　　11. The author implies that the rate at which the molten materials discussed in the passage are cooled is a determinant of the

　　(A) chemical composition of the resulting solids

　　(B) strength of the chemical bonds that are formed

　　(C) kinetics of the materials' crystalline structure

　　(D) structure the materials assume(from：ww.xiaoma.com )

　　(E) stability of the materials' crystalline structure

　　12. It can be inferred from the passage that, theoretically, molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline structure rather than an amorphous structure only if they are cooled

　　(A) very evenly, regardless of the rate

　　(B) rapidly, followed by gentle heating

　　(C) extremely slowly

　　(D) to room temperature

　　(E) to extremely low temperatures

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