2015年GRE考试阅读理解每日练-7

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　　The dark regions in the starry night sky are not pockets in the universe that are devoid of stars as had long been thought. Rather, they are dark because Line of interstellar dust that hides the stars behind it. Although its visual effect is so pronounced, dust is only a minor constituent of the material, extremely low in density, that lies between the stars. The average density of interstellar material in the vicinity of our Sun is 1,000 to 10,000 times less than the best terrestrial laboratory vacuum. It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant. Optical astronomy is most directly affected, for although interstellar gas is perfectly transparent, the dust is not. (125 words)

　　1. According to the passage, which of the following is a direct perceptual consequence of interstellar　dust EXCEPT?

　　A Some stars are rendered invisible to observers on Earth.

　　B Many visible stars are made to seem brighter than they really are.

　　C The dust is conspicuously visible against a background of bright stars.

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that it is because space is so vast that

　　(A) little of the interstellar material in it seems substantial

　　(B) normal units of volume seem futile for measurements of density

　　(C) stars can be far enough from Earth to be obscured even by very sparsely distributed matter

　　(D) interstellar gases can, for all practical purposes, be regarded as transparent

　　(E) optical astronomy would be of little use even if no interstellar dust existed

　　In Hardy‘s novels, various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often. Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Line Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other　occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the　fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize　abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the　style—that sure index of an author‘s literary worth—was　certain to become verbose. (167 words)

　　3. Which of the following words could best be substituted for ―relaxed‖ (line 13) without substantially changing the author‘s meaning?

　　(A) informal

　　(B) confined

　　(C) risky

　　(D) wordy

　　(E) metaphoric

　　4. The passage supplies information to suggest that its author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the novelists Flaubert and James?

　　(A) They indulged more impulses in their novels than did Hardy in his novels.

　　(B) They have elicited a greater degree of favorable response from most literary critics than has Hardy.

　　(C) In the writing of their novels, they often took pains to effect a compromise among their various novelistic impulses.

　　(D) Regarding novelistic construction, they cared more about the opinions of other novelists than about the opinions of ordinary readers.

　　(E) They wrote novels in which the impulse toward realism and the impulse away from realism were evident in equal　measure.

　　5. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage (―Thus…abstractly‖)?

　　(A) The author makes a disapproving observation and then presents two cases, one of which leads to a qualification of his disapproval and the other of which　does not.

　　(B) The author draws a conclusion from a previous statement, explains his conclusion in detail, and then gives a series of examples that have the effect of　resolving an inconsistency.

　　(C) The author concedes a point and then makes a counterargument, using an extended comparison and contrast that qualifies his original concession.

　　(D) The author makes a judgment, points out an exception to his judgment, and then contradicts his original assertion.

　　(E) The author summarizes and explains an argument and then advances a brief history of opposing arguments.

　　A mysterious phenomenon is the ability of over-water migrants to travel on course. Birds, bees, and other　species can keep track of time without any sensory cues　Line from the outside world, and such ―biological clocks‖ clearly contribute to their ―compass sense.For example,they can use the position of the Sun or stars, along with　the time of day, to find north. But compass sense alone cannot explain how birds navigate the ocean: after a flock　traveling east is blown far south by a storm, it will assume the proper northeasterly course to compensate.Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine　their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation,almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this　would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their　geographic location by detecting variations in the strength　of the Earth‘s magnetic field. (157 words)

　　6. The main idea of the passage is that

　　(A) migration over land requires a simpler　explanation than migration over water　does

　　(B) the means by which animals migrate over water are complex and only partly　understood

　　(C) the ability of migrant animals to keep track　of time is related to their magnetic sense

　　(D) knowledge of geographic location is essential to migrants with little or no　compass sense

　　(E) explanations of how animals migrate tend to replace, rather than build on, one　another

　　7. It can be inferred from the passage that if the flock of birds described in lines 8-9 were　navigating by compass sense alone, they would, after the storm, fly

　　(A) east (B) north (C) northwest

　　(D) south (E) southeast

　　8. Of the following descriptions of migrating animals, which most strongly suggests that the animals are depending on magnetic cues to orient　themselves?

　　(A) Pigeons can properly readjust their course even when flying long distances through　exceedingly dense fogs.

　　(B) Bison are able to reach their destination by passing through a landscape that has　been partially altered by a recent fire.

　　(C) Elephants are able to find grounds that　some members of the herd have never seen　before.

　　(D) Swallows are able to return to a given spot at the same time every year.

　　(E) Monarch butterflies coming from different parts of North America are able to arrive　at the same location each winter.

　　Starting from the premise that mythology and legend　preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen　argued that women were dominant in many ancient Line societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and　other societies with matrilineal customs—societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in　evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek ―historian‖ of the fifth century B. C. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have　preserved facts is problematic. Ancient Greek　descriptions of those societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer ―moral lessons‖ on the supposed outcome of women‘s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as　the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain　by Greek heroes; thus, their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses　of ordinary Greek practices. (179 words)

　　9. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societies

　　(B) investigate the ramifications of Bachofen‘s theory about the dominance of women in ancient societies

　　(C) explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societies

　　(D) analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover similarities between it and the Greek world

　　(E) criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient　societies

　　10. Select the sentence in the passage that is presented as evidence supporting the author‘s view of the ancient Greeks‘ descriptions of the Amazons.

　　11. The author‘s attitude toward Bachofen‘s treatise is best described as one of

　　(A) qualified approval

　　(B) profound ambivalence

　　(C) studied neutrality

　　(D) pointed disagreement

　　(E) unmitigated hostility

　　Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an　image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an　Line internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal　representation and thereby recognized. Controversy　surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel,one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one.Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the　internal representation is matched with the retinal image in　a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with　an object‘s features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition　process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of　evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

　　(151 words)

　　12. The author is primarily concerned with

　　(A) explaining how the brain receives images

　　(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition

　　(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial recognition hypothesis

　　(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it

　　(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to　neural activity

　　For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

　　13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?

　　□ A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its　internal representation.

　　□ B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.

　　□ C The matching of an object with its internal　representation occurs in only one step.

　　1. 只有A在文中有提及。

　　2. 这道题我选错了，的确很容易错选A，事物往往在于一种比较，不要看到一个心仪的答案以后马上就接着next，一定要把所有的选项都读完。

　　定位到文章L10，“It is only because of the enormous interstellar distances that so little material per unit of volume becomes so significant”

　　A. 这个是ETS在T和G中最常用的伎俩，选项的每个词长得和文章原句极为相似，并且还同义替换了一个关键词，简直就是正确答案，如果没有C他就是正确答案;

　　B. 文章没有说normal units;

　　C. 相对完美的诠释了原文的句子，比A选项内容更丰满，正确选项;

　　D. 句子中没有gas;

　　E. 句子没有涉及，即使涉及和文章表达的意思相反;

　　3. 读不懂啊

　　4. 读不懂

　　5. 真的读不懂

　　6. 主旨题：全文都在将水上的导航over water的只有A、B;A中有无中生有的进行了陆地和水上的比较，所以答案B。

　　7. 最开始做错了，题干没有看仔细，题干问的是they would，也就是他们会往哪儿飞，而不是问实际往那儿飞了;读懂题目，答案很简单。

　　8. 定位到L15：“Researchers now know that some species have a magnetic sense, which might allow migrants to determine their geographic location by detecting variations in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field.”

　　只有A选项的readjust体现出了一种对variation的detect以及据此进行相应的调整、应变。

　　9. 主旨题：

　　A. 文章没有compare，这一点上，前文提到B人，后文提到H人容易给人造成错觉;

　　B. 没有讨论到分支和理论衍生;

　　C. 没有提到增长的兴趣;

　　D. 没有similarities这种感觉;

　　E. 根据G的文章的特点，虽然criticize只有后半部分，但是它属于转折后，属于文章强调的部分，即是文章主旨。

　　10. L17的for example，即该句话就是答案。

　　11. 虽然文章总体基调是criticize，E有点过了吧，

　　所以答案D。

　　12. 主旨题：现象解释型文章，含有“Visual recognition”只有BD，D符合文章类型。

　　13. 根据Gestalt大写字母定位L9-L13：

　　A. *Form在文中没有找到替换重复，属于新内容;

　　B. G主张的是one-step的parallel方法，符合题意;into component parts是另外的step-by-step方法;

　　C. 同上。

　　以上就是新东方在线为大家总结的2015年GRE考试阅读理解每日练的相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助，最后预祝大家在GRE考试中取得优异的成绩!

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