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GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法(1)

2014-12-18 14:04:05来源:网络

  新东方在线为大家精心整理了GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法的相关内容,分享给大家,供大家参考,希望对大家有所帮助!

  GMAT/GRE阅读文章第一篇:

  Human relations have commanded people’s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays.

  第二句话和第一句话的关系是?

  第二句话对于第一句话的解释说明。

  划线部分的 “The ways of people”指代的是什么?

  Human relations

  第一句话告诉我们,我们早就应该去研究human relation,在很多的文献中,都被记录过了。

  Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great.

  Although提示我们这里会出现什么?

  让步,转折在逗号之后。

  本句话的主干?

  Although the significance may not be evident, the complexity is great.

  提醒:这里互相形成转折的词语对应有哪些?是human relationship 和complexity of feelings and actions的对比,还是full significance和at a glance之间的对比呢?带着这个问题继续往下读。

  Full significance和后面的哪些词语对应?

  At a glance

  虽然全部的重要性还没有完全明白(我们还没有研究清楚),但是明显的(at a glance)东西还是挺多的。

  Complexity of feelings and actions是全新的概念嘛?

  不是,和human relations是对应。

  For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. “Intuitive” knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive.

  Psychology是全新的概念嘛?

  是的,前面没有一个词可以和psychology直接是同义改写。

  PS:注意这里不要自己主观的就把human relation和psychology直接当同义改写。

  这两者肯定是有关系,但是是什么关系需要我们继续往下看。

  划线部分的 “Intuitive” knowledge指代的是?

  上文的能够被at a glance的那些人们的情感和行为。

  Whereas提示我们会出现?

  对比

  划线部分的such commonsense knowledge指代的是?

  “Intuitive” knowledge

  看完这句话我们应当明白的是。心理学在所有的学科中比较特殊。明显的知识对于我们研究人们行为有用,但是在科学中就不太有用(relatively primitive)

  我们期待下文的应该会出现什么?

  心理学和其他科学的比较吧。是否会出现,继续往下看

  If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modem word, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers.

  这句话和上文的关系是顺承嘛?

  一眼看去,好像是继续了上文的physical science。继续往下读。

  读完这句话,发现说的意思是?

  如果是我们没有一些物理学知识,什么都干不了。

  和上文有关系嘛?

  也许难以看出直接关系。因为上文说的是:一眼就能看出来的,明显的一些知识在physical science里是不太有用的。

  这里说的怎么又变成没有知识,就什么都干不了了呢?

  不明白就带着疑问继续往下看。

  On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before.

  On the other hand提示我们这句话和上句话的关系是?

  并列(对比)

  读完这句话,明白这句话的意思是?

  但是如果我们把所有的psychology的知识拿掉,对于我们是没有影响的。

  好,读完这三句话,我们把这三句话放在一起看一下。

  第一个:显而易见的知识可以帮助我们研究人们的行为,但是对于physical science就relatively primitive

  第二个:如果把scientific physics都拿掉,人们就啥都干不成。

  第三个:如果把scientific psychology都拿掉,没啥影响。

  同学们看到上面三组句子,是否明白了这三句话之间的关系了?

  请回答以下几个问题:

  1. 在第三个句子中,如果把scientific psychology拿掉,为什么对我们没有影响?

  因为我们还有intuitive knowledge

  2. 那在第二个句子中,如果把scientific psychology拿掉,为什么什么都干不成?

  因为scientific physics很重要,intuitive knowledge没啥作用

  3. 所以请找出第二个句子和第一个句子的逻辑关系是?

  Physical sciences中的显而易见的知识relatively primitive,所以只有显而易见的知识(intuitive knowledge)是什么都干不了的。

  好,三句话中的对应关系都有哪些?

  Intuitive knowledge在scientific psychology中是很有用的;而intuitive knowledge在scientific physics中是primitive(没用的)

  We would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys” of much of the self’s behavior and feelings.

  这个句群和上面句群的关系是?

  解释说明。告诉我们为什么把scientific psychology拿掉,对我们不会有什么影响。我们仍然是什么都知道。

  所以这些我们都知道的叫什么?

  “intuitive” knowledge

  In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways.

  In other word 提示我们这句话和上句话的关系是?

  同义改写,两句话的意思应该是完全一致的。

  所以我们与生俱来就具有什么样的能力?

  Understanding of the self and of other people

  并且不需要什么?

  Scientific psychology

  Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.”

  出现人名,一定会出现什么?

  此人的观点或者是动作。

  K的观点是什么?

  为什么我们对于psychology的研究没有physics多呢?因为人们在发现scientific psychology之前就早就已经认识到了这方面的知识了。

  以下开始第二段

  Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop.

  哪里体现出了Paradoxically?

  结合上文, people were acquainted with… before the founding of scientific psychology和the science of human relations has been one of the last develop.

  人们很早就认识到了scientific psychology,但是却最后才开始研究这门科学之间的paradox

  Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested.

  很明显这句话出现我们就应该去期待什么?

  下文出现了多少种解释,是否出现了这些解释之间的关系?

  One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, fromEcclesiastes to Freud.

  第一种解释。

  大意是什么?

  之所以没有研究scientific psychology是因为不想去破坏人们对于自己的美好的幻觉。

  But这里转折了吗?那些方面转折了?

  转折了。Pessimistic, debunk和vain, pleasing

  人们一方面对自己有很空很美好的幻想,但是一方面又喜欢读悲观的,打破幻想的文章。

  所以是很矛盾的,用了but 转折

  It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?

  第二个解释出现了?

  为什么没有去研究scientific psychology呢?因为我们本能的就已经知道很多了,所以没有动力去研究它了。为什么要对明显的现象发展出一个理论呢?

  In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.

  Vast literary documentation对应哪里?

  第一段的,innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays

  meager scientific treatment对应哪里?

  全篇文章讨论的,scientific psychology的研究少之又少

  the field of human relation 和the field of physic的关系是?

  Contrast

  那么科学应该是?

  Treatment很多,但是documentation很少

  以上就是新东方在线为大家总结的GRE考试名师指导:GRE阅读科学备考法的相关内容,希望对大家有所帮助,最后预祝大家在GRE考试中取得优异的成绩!

  ---本文节选自新东方在线论坛


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