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GRE阅读选项中的潜规则

2019-06-11 17:15:06来源：网络

　　为了帮助大家高效备考GRE，新东方在线GRE频道为大家带来GRE阅读选项中的潜规则，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GRE频道!

　　1. 正确选项：

　　(1)同义变换 。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。

　　其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。

　　2.错误选项：

　　对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：

　　(1)混偏反无。

　　1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。 如下例：

　　文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"

　　题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

　　(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

　　(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)

　　(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government

　　(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

　　(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

　　2)偏： 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文：

　　Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.

　　3)反： 即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。

　　文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”

　　4)无：即 提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易，并且ETS一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此，此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记：凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。

　　还是上文：

　　题目：

　　According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

　　(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

　　(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

　　(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels

　　(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

　　(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

　　分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔与另外两位的的共同点在于他们都把小说聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性对自己身份的追求，当然故事是以一个黑人社会为背景”。其中的A选项“未研究百人文化对角色生活所带来的影响”文章从未涉及。

　　分析：此题为一道举例作用题。其定位为文章中加粗和划线的句子。但是这四个错误的选项都无一例外地通过利用其它的句子编制而成，即出题机构分别使用文章中标号为 A，B，C和D的内容编制出四个错误的选项。因此，不予选择。考生切忌因为文章别的地方曾经出现过类似的内容而犹豫不决。

　　以上就是关于“GRE阅读选项中的潜规则”的内容，更多精彩内容，请关注GRE频道!


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