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GRE双语阅读材料: 保持健康心态才能身体倍儿棒

2018-04-15 15:10:00来源:网络

  In particular, the two researchers found, during a preliminary study they carried out in 2010, that the vagal-tone values of those who experience positive emotions over a period of time go up.

  尤其值得注意的是,两位研究人员在2010年的初步探究中发现,人们如果体验一段时间的积极情绪,迷走神经张力指数会就增加。

  This left them wondering whether positive emotions and vagal tone drive one another in a virtuous spiral.

  这为他们留下了疑念,积极情绪与迷走神经张力是否处于一个良性循环之中,互相促进?

  They therefore conducted an experiment on 65 of the university's staff, to try to find out.

  因此,他们对本校的65名员工展开实验,一探究竟。

  They measured all of their volunteers' vagal tones at the beginning of the experiment and at its conclusion nine weeks later.

  他们在实验开始时测量了所有志愿者的迷走神经张力指数,九周后实验结束时又再次测量。

  In between, the volunteers were asked to go each evening to a website especially designed for the purpose, and rate their most powerful emotional experiences that day.

  在实验期间,他们要求志愿者每天晚上登录一家专门为此设计的网站,为当天所经历的各种最强烈情绪评定等级。

  Dr Fredrickson and Dr Kok asked their volunteers to consider nine positive emotions, such as hope, joy and love, and 11 negative ones, including anger, boredom and disgust.

  弗雷德里克松博士和可可博士为志愿者提供了九种可供考虑的积极情绪选项,如期待、开心、热爱,还有十一种消极情绪,包括愤怒、疲倦、厌恶。

  They were asked to rate, on a five-point scale, whether—and how strongly—they had felt each emotion.

  两位博士要求他们以五分制一一打分:是否有这样的情绪、情绪有多强烈。

  One point meant not at all; five meant extremely.

  1分代表完全没有,5分代表非常强烈。

  In addition, half the participants, chosen at random, were invited to a series of workshops run by a licensed therapist, to learn a meditation technique intended to engender in the meditator a feeling of goodwill towards both himself and others.

  此外,他们还随机邀请了一半志愿者到一个注册治疗师开的一系列工作坊中,学习冥想的技巧,旨在让冥想者产生一种善待自己、善待他人的情绪。

  This group was encouraged to meditate daily, and to report the time they spent doing so.

  他们鼓励这组人每天冥想,并向他们报告冥想用的时间。

  Dr Fredrickson and Dr Kok discovered that vagal tone increased significantly in people who meditated, and hardly at all in those who did not.

  弗雷德里克松博士和可可博士发现,冥想的人的迷走神经张力显著增加,而那些不冥想的人几乎没有任何变化。

  Among meditators, those who started the experiment with the highest vagal-tone scores reported the biggest increases in positive emotions.

  在众多冥想者之中,那些实验一开始就拥有最高指数的人,积极情绪增加的幅度最大;

  Meditators who started with particularly low scores showed virtually no such boost.

  而一开始指数就很低的人,几乎没有这样的奇效。

  Taken as a whole, these findings suggest high vagal tone makes it easier to generate positive emotions and that this, in turn, drives vagal tone still higher.

  作为一个整体来看,这些发现意味着,这迷走神经张力指数越高,越容易产生积极情绪;反过来,积极情绪又能促进指数的提升。

  That is both literally and metaphorically a positive feedback loop.

  无论是从直观还是隐含的角度看,这都是一个正反馈循环。

  Which is good news for the emotionally positive, but bad for the emotionally negative, for it implies that those who most need a psychosomatic boost are incapable of generating one.

  对于情绪乐观的人来说,这是个好消息;但对于消极的人来说,情况正好相反,因为它意味着,那些最需要振作精神的人却往往无法产生积极情绪。

  A further experiment by Dr Kok suggests, however, that the grumpy need not give up all hope.

  然而可可博士的进一步研究表明,脾气不好的人也尚存希望。

  A simpler procedure than meditation, namely reflecting at night on the day's social connections, did seem to cause some improvement to their vagal tone.

  有一种比冥想简单的方法,即每天晚上对白天的社交活动进行反思,似乎能在一定程度上提高迷走神经张力指数。

  This might allow even those with a negative outlook on life to bootstrap their way to a mental state from which they could then advance to the more powerful technique of meditation.

  就算是对生活不抱希望的人,也可能通过这种方式自我解脱,达到另一种精神状态,然后他们可以进一步使用效果更好的冥想技巧。

  Whether, besides improving general health, the mechanism Dr Fredrickson and Dr Kok have discovered helps explain the placebo effect remains to be investigated.

  除了提高综合健康水平,弗雷德里克松博士和可可博士发现的机制是否有助于解释安慰剂效应,还有待进一步研究。

  But it might, because part of that effect seems to be the good feeling engendered by the fact of being treated.

  但这的确有可能,因为安慰剂效应就包括实验中因治疗产生的良好情绪。

  More generally, doctors in the ancient world had a saying: a healthy mind in a healthy body.

  更为普遍的是,古代的医生就有个说法:身体好,精气儿足。

  This sort of work suggests that though this proverb is true, a better one might be, a healthy mind for a healthy body.

  而这个实验则启发人们,尽管谚语说得有理,但精气儿足,身体好可能才更准确。

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