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GRE阅读题目解析:美洲印第安人当官的比例

2017-12-05 11:48:00来源:网络

  P38

  1

  Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons.

  分析美洲印第安人在国家和当地政府任职的比例高低事关重大,原因如下。

  2

  First, the basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition of the general public.

  首先,代议制行政体系理论的基本理念,就是行政体系的人事组成应与公众的人口比例类似。

  3

  This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makers to the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians.

  这是因为,除了它的象征价值,(美洲印第安人)更多地接触管理岗位能够令政策制定者们更好地照顾,传统上像美洲印第安人这样的弱势群体的政策利益。

  (on the part of somebody / on somebody's part 由某人做出)

  4

  Second, the focus on higher level jobs in bureaucracies (as opposed to non-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial positions represent a major source of economic progress for members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility.

  第二,聚焦官僚体系中的高级职位(相对于非管理岗位)特别重要,在于管理岗位展现了经济收入的进步,它对于传统弱势群体是一种主要资源,因为这些岗位往往提供更好的薪酬,福利,地位,保障以及升迁的机会。

  5

  Third, it is important to know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions over the last two decades.

  第三,了解过去二十年美洲印第安人在更好的公共部门岗位所占比例是否有所提高,也有重要意义。

  6

  For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states.

  比如,P 和 D 认为在某些州,美洲印第安人的人口和权力都在持续增加。

  7

  Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more active in nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and securing with greater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.

  P 和 D 还暗示,这种增长反映了某种可能性,即美洲印第安人在政治的非传统领域变得更活跃,越来越融入主流文化,在非部落式政府中越来越频繁地获得领导岗位。

  1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

  A. Summarize a demographic trend overt time

  B. Present findings on a demographic group

  C. Analyze the demographic composition of a type of job

  D. Explain the need for particular social research

  E. Argue for the implementation of a social policy

  选 D

  根据句 1:

  Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in state and local government jobs is important for several reasons.

  后面分列出了三种理由,都在解释为什么这种分析研究很重要。

  2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as whole?

  A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the preceding sentence.

  B. It provides evidence that undermines that assertion made in the first sentence.

  C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned earlier in the passage.

  D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the passage.

  E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding sentence.

  选 C

  projection 此处作 “ 对未来形势的估计,预测,推断 ” 理解。

  a trend 指的是句 6:For instance, Peterson and Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing in certain states.

  句 7 比较具体地预测这种趋势的各种可能表现。

  所以选 C 。

  3. The passage suggests which of the following regarding “access to managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups?

  A. This access is only significant when the percentage of disadvantaged group members in managerial positions mirrors the percent of that group in the general public.

  B. This access is largely the result of policy decisions made response to interest of those groups.

  C. This access has meaning apart from any policy benefits it confer on those groups.

  D. This access often creates increased access to non-managerial position for those groups.

  E. The extent of this access tends to be similar across different disadvantaged groups.

  选 C

  文中提到 “ access to managerial positions ” 是句 3:

  This is because in addition to its symbolic value, increased access to managerial position may lead to greater responsiveness on the part of policy makers to the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such as American Indians.

  可见 “ access to managerial positons ” 对弱势群体来说,有至少两种好处:

  1) symbolic value 象征意义,告诉全社会印第安人也可以胜任高级管理职位;

  2) greater responsiveness to the policy interests,印第安人当然在指定政策时更容易考虑到印第安人的处境和利益。

  回头看 C 项,policy benefits 对应 policy intersts,除了 apart from 这一点,还有其他意义 meaning,即文中的 symbolic value 了,所以 C 正确。

  A

  错在 only 。代议制政府的 mirror 说,究其根本是为了照顾少数群体或弱势群体,举个极端例子,如果某种人在社会上的比例是万分之一,而制定某项政策咨询考察的范围是三千人,完全 mirror 的话,一个代表这些少数派利益的人都找不到(0.3 个代表),显然是荒唐的。所以,只能是原则上 mirror,mirror 的目的是为了让少数派或弱势群体有途径发声,only 说过于僵化了。文中也没有证据支持 only 说。

  B

  因果关系搞反了。要先把少数派送进体制,政策才可能考虑少数派的意见。

  D / E

  未知信息,根据文章无法推断。

  以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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