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GRE阅读题目解析:对科学保持怀疑态度

2017-03-13 09:44:00来源：网络

　　P4

　　1

　　Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism.

　　因为科学尝试解决现实问题，即便是最精确的科学通常也伴随着或多或少难以理解的近似，科学家必须对此保持适当的怀疑。

　　2

　　Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.

　　因此，比如说，数学家也许会惊讶地意识到，氢原子的薛定谔方程并不是关于这个原子的完全正确的描述，而是某种考虑到量子数，磁偶极以及相对论效应的近似;而这个被修正的方程自身，也只是一个关于无限组量子场论方程的不完美的近似。

　　(take account of something / take something into account 斟酌，体谅，考虑

　　spin【AHD】转动惯量，亚原子粒子的自旋角动量，原子核的角动量之总和，量子数(我一写你一看，我要是明白我是茄子)

　　dipole【AHD】偶极子，一对电荷或磁极，符号或极性相反但数量相等，彼此相隔一定距离(同上)

　　relativistic【AHD】相对主义的，相对论的

　　几乎是不可能读懂的段落，抓每一个你认识的单词，判断它是否属于专业背景知识，如果是就放弃解读，大略地判断作者意图就好，比如合格的模糊解读是：

　　数学家会惊讶地意识到，S 方程不完全正确，只是一个近似;而这个被修正的方程自己也是个近似。)

　　3

　　Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation.

　　物理学家看待初始薛定谔方程，学着意识到除了可见的各项，还有很多不可见项，这种感觉激发了一种完全恰当的，对方程式纯技术特征的忽略。

　　(茄子)

　　4

　　This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations.

　　这种非常合理的怀疑对数学方法来说是陌生的。数学处理的，必须是被明确定义的情况。

　　5

　　Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. (177 words)

　　所以数学家需要依靠数学技能以外的努力，对那种数学只会确切处理的近似状况，做出重要的详细说明。

　　11. According to the passage, scientists are skeptical toward their equations because scientists

　　(A) work to explain real, rather than theoretical or simplified, situations

　　(B) know that well-defined problems are often the most difficult to solve

　　(C) are unable to express their data in terms of multiple variables

　　(D) are unwilling to relax the axioms they have developed

　　(E) are unable to accept mathematical explanations of natural phenomena

　　选 A

　　见句 1 ：

　　Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism.

　　12. The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that

　　(A) mathematicians are better able to solve problems than are scientists

　　(B) changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments

　　(C) well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments

　　(D) mathematical solutions can rarely be applied to real problems

　　(E) some factors in most situations must remain unknown

　　选 E

　　见句 3 ：

　　Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation.

　　以上就是新东方在线GER频道为你带来的GRE阅读题目解析:对科学保持怀疑态度，更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GRE频道。

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